Aprendizagem da docência em grupo colaborativo: histórias infantis e matemática

Investiga-se de que maneiras o processo de elaboração, análise e utilização de um material educativo desenvolvido em um grupo com características colaborativas pode se configurar como fonte de aprendizagem da docência na formação inicial no curso de Pedagogia, analisando-se o processo de aprendizagem da docência das participantes, os conhecimentos mobilizados e as dificuldades enfrentadas. Para tanto, optou-se pelo estudo de caso da Atividade Curricular de Integração Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (Aciepe) intitulada Histórias Infantis e Matemática nas Séries Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e tomaram-se como dados os depoimentos de cinco egressas do curso de Pedagogia sobre o processo vivido ao estudarem referenciais que abordavam a língua materna, a linguagem matemática, o ensino de matemática e a conexão entre literatura infantil e matemática, bem como ao construírem e implementarem livros infantis com conteúdos matemáticos. Foram utilizadas múltiplas fontes de dados, tais como: diversos registros escritos elaborados ao longo da atividade de pesquisa, ensino e extensão (relatórios, planos de aula, diários de campo, livros produzidos etc.), entrevistas e questionários respondidos após o término da Aciepe. Os resultados, cuja análise possibilitou discutir as potencialidades de materialização de um espaço para elaboração, análise e utilização de materiais educativos, permeado pela discussão coletiva entre graduandos, professores em exercício e formadores de diferentes áreas, apresentam as aprendizagens da docência referentes às dimensões pessoal e profissional das participantes

Clareza, concisão e coesão: princípios e métricas de legibilidade aplicados ao texto de pós-graduandos em Ciência da Informação

Introdução: a barreira da língua dificulta publicar em inglês mesmo quando há mérito científico, pois o problema começa em português, na dificuldade em escrever como a ciência requer. Qual o impacto da aplicação de princípios de clareza, concisão e coesão na extensão e legibilidade de textos científicos? Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar esse impacto ao comparar extensão e indicadores de legibilidade antes e após a aplicação dos princípios. Método: vinte e cinco estudantes de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação anotaram um texto científico próprio e o de três colegas, em revisão por pares duplo-cega, indicando problemas de estilo de quatro tipos: palavra desnecessária, distância sujeito-verbo excessiva, nominalização excessiva e contextualização tardia. Cada autor reelaborou seu próprio texto para resolver os problemas anotados. Os textos originais e reelaborados foram comparados em extensão e escore de facilidade de leitura de Flesch. Textos originais e reelaborados da literatura também foram mensurados como referência. Resultados: Todos os textos diminuíram em extensão após reelaborados, embora tenha havido mais atenção a problemas gramaticais do que aos quatro problemas de estilo. Houve 13 aumentos, duas manutenções e 10 diminuições nos escores de legibilidade. Esse resultado é compatível com o estudo-referência com textos da literatura. Conclusão: a aplicação dos princípios de legibilidade diminui a extensão e, em acordo com a literatura, tem impacto duvidoso no escore de legibilidade. Resta investigar a traduzibilidade comparada para verificar o pressuposto de que aplicar os princípios é "escrever em inglês em português".Introduction: The language barrier makes it difficult to publish in English, even when there is scientific merit, as the problem starts in Portuguese, in the difficulty of following scientific writing principles. What is the impact of applying principles of clarity, conciseness, and cohesion in the extension and readability of scientific texts? This research aimed to verify this impact when comparing extension and readability indicators before and after applying those principles. Method: Twenty-five Information Science graduate students annotated their own scientific text and that of three colleagues, in a double-blind review, indicating writing style problems of four types: unnecessary word, excessive subject-verb distance, excessive nominalization, and late contextualization. Each author then reworked their own text to solve the problems. The original and reworked texts were compared in length and Flesch Reading Ease score. Original and reworked texts from the literature were also compared, as a reference. Results: All texts were shortened after rework, although annotations were directed most to grammatical problems than to the four style problems. There were 13 increases, 2 maintenance, and 10 decreases in the readability scores. This result is compatible with the benchmark study with texts from the literature. Conclusions: Applying readability principles improves conciseness but, in accordance with the literature, has a dubious impact on the readability score. Compared translatability remains an open research topic, to verify the assumption that applying the principles equates to "write in English in Portuguese"

Genome-wide, evolutionary, and functional analyses of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) family in Poaceae species

Abstract Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) are heme peroxidases involved in the control of hydrogen peroxide levels and signal transduction pathways related to development and stress responses. Here, a total of 238 APX, 30 APX-related (APX-R), and 34 APX-like (APX-L) genes were identified from 24 species from the Poaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis of APX indicated five distinct clades, equivalent to cytosolic (cAPX), peroxisomal (pAPX), mitochondrial (mitAPX), stromal (sAPX), and thylakoidal (tAPX) isoforms. Duplication events contributed to the expansion of this family and the divergence times. Different from other APX isoforms, the emergence of Poaceae mitAPXs occurred independently after eudicot and monocot divergence. Our results showed that the constitutive silencing of mitAPX genes is not viable in rice plants, suggesting that these isoforms are essential for rice regeneration or development. We also obtained rice plants silenced individually to sAPX isoforms, demonstrating that, different to plants double silenced to both sAPX and tAPX or single silenced to tAPX previously obtained, these plants do not show changes in the total APX activity and hydrogen peroxide content in the shoot. Among rice plants silenced to different isoforms, plants silenced to cAPX showed a higher decrease in total APX activity and an increase in hydrogen peroxide levels. These results suggest that the cAPXs are the main isoforms responsible for regulating hydrogen peroxide levels in the cell, whereas in the chloroplast, this role is provided mainly by the tAPX isoform. In addition to broadening our understanding of the core components of the antioxidant defense in Poaceae species, the present study also provides a platform for their functional characterization

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved