Mulheres no Congresso Nacional : um webdocumentário sobre subrepresentação

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Departamento de Jornalismo, 2015.No ano em que as primeiras cotas eleitorais de gênero estabelecidas por lei completam 20 anos e que a Câmara dos Deputados e o Senado Federal retomam a discussão para elaborar e implementar propostas de reforma política, o cenário de participação política das mulheres na arena política formal é desestimulante. Somente 10,4% de cadeiras no Congresso Nacional são ocupadas por mulheres. A intenção deste webdocumentário é chamar a atenção para a baixa participação política das mulheres nesse espaço. A reportagem em formato de webdocumentário traz a história da conquista e execução dos direitos políticos das mulheres, além do registro de depoimentos de parlamentares que têm de transpor barreiras para legislar nesse espaço por causa de questões de gênero. No trabalho, especialistas também ajudam a entender a que se deve essa formação do quadro político tão excludente. A intenção é debater as dificuldades de deputadas e senadoras para chegar a esse cargos e, uma vez eleitas, conquistar voz nesse espaço

Estratégias para perda de peso no período pré-competitivo e suas repercussões em atletas de luta olímpica

Strategies for weight loss in the pre-competitive period and their repercussions in wrestling athletesWrestling is one of the oldest sports in the world, which was part of the program of the first edition of the modern Olympic Games. Researchers have shown that wrestling athletes have done use of practices of rapid weight loss. The aim of this study was to analyze, through questionnaires, the profile of athletes using the technique of rapid weight loss in pre-competition period; the main strategies employed to this; as well as investigating changes in mood, emotional, and physical sensations occurred during this period. The investigation was conducted through a questionnaire containing seven questions about weight loss in pre-competition period and the methods used for weight loss. The sample consisted of 40 athletes (age: 19.8 ± 4.3, weight: 149.4 ± 29.5, height: 5.61 ± 0.35), 52.5% of these claimed that weight loss affects performance and 55% said that the mood is changed during the period of weight loss. Anxiety (60%) and fatigue (45%) are most related emotional feelings during this period. The methods used for weight loss are food restriction (82.5%) and running with coat (52.5%). Most athletes (72.5%) obtained information on methods for weight loss through their teammates. Therefore, it is observed that the athletes do not have sources of reliable information about the methods of weight loss and that these strategies bring harm to sports performance.A luta olímpica é um dos esportes mais antigos no mundo, o esporte integrou o programa da primeira edição dos Jogos Olímpicos da Era Moderna.  Pesquisadores têm demonstrado que atletas desse esporte realizam práticas de perda de peso rápida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, por meio de questionários, o perfil dos atletas que utilizam a técnica de perda de peso rápida em período pré-competitivo, as principais estratégias empregadas para isto, bem como investigar as alterações de humor e as sensações emocionais e físicas que ocorrem durante este período. A investigação foi realizada por meio de um questionário contendo sete questões que indagavam sobre a perda de peso no período pré-competitivo e sobre os métodos utilizados para perda de peso. A amostra foi constituída por 40 atletas (idade: 19,8 ± 4,3; peso:  67,8 ± 13,4; altura: 1,68 ± 0,09), destes 52,5% afirmam que a perda de peso afeta o desempenho e 55% afirmam que o humor é alterado durante o período de perda de peso. Ansiedade (60%) e cansaço (45%) são as sensações emocionais mais relatadas durante este período. Os métodos mais utilizados para perda de peso são a restrição alimentar (82,5%) e correr de agasalho (52,5%). A maioria dos atletas (72,5%) obtinham as informações sobre os métodos para perda de peso através de seus companheiros de equipe. Com isso, é possível observar que os atletas não têm fontes de informação segura sobre os métodos de perda de peso e que essas estratégias trazem prejuízos a performance esportiva.

Uso de microscopia e ultrassom em tratamentos endodônticos de canais calcificados: relato de caso cli?nico/ Use of microscopy and ultrasound in endodontic treatment of calcified canals: a clinical case report

Introdução: Calcificações na polpa dentária são caracterizadas pelo depósito de tecido mineralizado no interior da câmara, ou nos canais radiculares. Podem ser causadas pela idade (envelhecimento), lesão de cárie, procedimento restaurador e até trauma dentário, podendo ter como complicação a necrose do tecido Os exames clínico e radiográfico, bem como a realização do teste pulpar são imprescindíveis para o diagnóstico. O uso de recursos como os insertos ultrassônicos acionados no aparelho de ultrassom, assim como o microscópio operatório, são de extrema importância para permitir a execução segura da localização de canais calcificados. Objetivo: Relatar a importância de se associar o uso dos insertos ultrassônicos e do microscópio operatório cirúrgico no tratamento de um molar inferior com calcificação localizada na entrada de um dos canais radiculares.Relato de caso: paciente do genero feminino, relatou sensibilidade à mastigação no elemento dental 47, já acessado endodônticamente e com diagnóstico de periodontite apical aguda. Na primeira sessão, durante a tentativa de acesso aos canais radiculares, não foi localizado o canal mésio-vestibular, sendo necessário o uso de microscópio operatório associado ao ultrassom odontológico para continuidade do tratamento. Após localização do canal calcificado, foram realizadas a odontometris eletrônica dos canais, seu preparo e medicação intracanal com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio. Na segunda sessão, o curativo foi removido, fez-se a prova do cone e obturação. O dente foi restaurado e proservado após 15 meses, estando assintomático, em função e com indícios radiográficos de reparo ósseo.  Conclusão: A utilização de recursos como o ultrassom e microscópio no auxílio da localização de canais em casos de calcificação configura-se como estratégia excelente para melhorar o prognóstico do tratamento

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved