1,237 research outputs found
SOD2 immunoexpression predicts lymph node metastasis in penile cancer
BACKGROUND:
Superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) is considered one of the most important antioxidant enzymes that regulate cellular redox state in normal and tumorigenic cells. Overexpression of this enzyme in lung, gastric, colorectal, breast cancer and cervical cancer malignant tumors has been observed. Its relationship with inguinal lymph node metastasis in penile cancer is unknown.
METHODS:
SOD2 protein expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in 125 usual type squamous cell carcinomas of the penis from a Brazilian cancer center. The casuistic has been characterized by means of descriptive statistics. An exploratory logistic regression has been proposed to evaluate the independent predictive factors of lymph node metastasis.
RESULTS:
SOD2 expression in more than 50% of cells was observed in 44.8% of primary penile carcinomas of the usual type. This expression pattern was associated with lymph node metastasis both in the uni and multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that SOD2 expression predicts regional lymph node metastasis. The potential clinical implication of this observation warrants further studies.Dr. Lara Termini (FAPESP 2005/57274-9); Dr. Luisa Lina Villa (FAPESP 2008/57889-1 and CNPq 573799/2008-3)
Association of socioeconomic, labor and health variables related to Food Insecurity in workers of the Popular Restaurants in the city of Rio de Janeiro
Regulatory T Cell Induction during Plasmodium chabaudi Infection Modifies the Clinical Course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
BACKGROUND: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is used as an animal model for human multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by activation of Th1 and/or Th17 cells. Human autoimmune diseases can be either exacerbated or suppressed by infectious agents. Recent studies have shown that regulatory T cells play a crucial role in the escape mechanism of Plasmodium spp. both in humans and in experimental models. These cells suppress the Th1 response against the parasite and prevent its elimination. Regulatory T cells have been largely associated with protection or amelioration in several autoimmune diseases, mainly by their capacity to suppress proinflammatory response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we verified that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T regs) generated during malaria infection (6 days after EAE induction) interfere with the evolution of EAE. We observed a positive correlation between the reduction of EAE clinical symptoms and an increase of parasitemia levels. Suppression of the disease was also accompanied by a decrease in the expression of IL-17 and IFN-Îł and increases in the expression of IL-10 and TGF-ÎČ1 relative to EAE control mice. The adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from P. chabaudi-infected mice reduced the clinical evolution of EAE, confirming the role of these T regs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data corroborate previous findings showing that infections interfere with the prevalence and evolution of autoimmune diseases by inducing regulatory T cells, which regulate EAE in an apparently non-specific manner
Xylella fastidiosa gene expression analysis by DNA microarrays
Xylella fastidiosa genome sequencing has generated valuable data by identifying genes acting either on metabolic pathways or in associated pathogenicity and virulence. Based on available information on these genes, new strategies for studying their expression patterns, such as microarray technology, were employed. A total of 2,600 primer pairs were synthesized and then used to generate fragments using the PCR technique. The arrays were hybridized against cDNAs labeled during reverse transcription reactions and which were obtained from bacteria grown under two different conditions (liquid XDM2 and liquid BCYE). All data were statistically analyzed to verify which genes were differentially expressed. In addition to exploring conditions for X. fastidiosa genome-wide transcriptome analysis, the present work observed the differential expression of several classes of genes (energy, protein, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, transport, degradation of substances, toxins and hypothetical proteins, among others). The understanding of expressed genes in these two different media will be useful in comprehending the metabolic characteristics of X. fastidiosa, and in evaluating how important certain genes are for the functioning and survival of these bacteria in plants
Risk Factors and Characterization of Plasmodium Vivax-Associated Admissions to Pediatric Intensive Care Units in the Brazilian Amazon
BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax is responsible for a significant proportion of malaria cases worldwide and is increasingly reported as a cause of severe disease. The objective of this study was to characterize severe vivax disease among children hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in the Western Brazilian Amazon, and to identify risk factors associated with disease severity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this retrospective study, clinical records of 34 children, 0-14 years of age hospitalized in the 11 public pediatric and neonatal ICUs of the Manaus area, were reviewed. P. falciparum monoinfection or P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infection was diagnosed by microscopy in 10 cases, while P. vivax monoinfection was confirmed in the remaining 24 cases. Two of the 24 patients with P. vivax monoinfection died. Respiratory distress, shock and severe anemia were the most frequent complications associated with P. vivax infection. Ninety-one children hospitalized with P. vivax monoinfections but not requiring ICU were consecutively recruited in a tertiary care hospital for infectious diseases to serve as a reference population (comparators). Male sex (pâ=â0.039), age less than five years (pâ=â0.028), parasitemia greater than 500/mm(3) (pâ=â0.018), and the presence of any acute (pâ=â0.023) or chronic (pâ=â0.017) co-morbidity were independently associated with ICU admission. At least one of the WHO severity criteria for malaria (formerly validated for P. falciparum) was present in 23/24 (95.8%) of the patients admitted to the ICU and in 17/91 (18.7%) of controls, making these criteria a good predictor of ICU admission (pâ=â0.001). The only investigated criterion not associated with ICU admission was hyperbilirubinemia (pâ=â0.513)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our study points to the importance of P. vivax-associated severe disease in children, causing 72.5% of the malaria admissions to pediatric ICUs. WHO severity criteria demonstrated good sensitivity in predicting severe P. vivax infection in this small case series
Permanent education in health: a review
OBJECTIVE : To undertake a meta-synthesis of the literature on the main concepts and practices related to permanent education in health. METHODS : A bibliographical search was conducted for original articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS and SciELO databases, using the following search terms: âpublic health professional educationâ, âpermanent educationâ, âcontinuing educationâ, âpermanent education healthâ. Of the 590 articles identified, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 were selected for further analysis, grouped according to the criteria of key elements, and then underwent meta-synthesis. RESULTS : The 48 original publications were classified according to four thematic units of key elements: 1) concepts, 2) strategies and difficulties, 3) public policies and 4) educational institutions. Three main conceptions of permanent education in health were found: problem-focused and team work, directly related to continuing education and education that takes place throughout life. The main strategies for executing permanent education in health are discussion, maintaining an open space for permanent education, and permanent education clusters. The most limiting factor is mainly related to directly or indirect management. Another highlight is the requirement for implementation and maintenance of public policies, and the availability of financial and human resources. The educational institutions need to combine education and service aiming to form critical-reflexive graduates. CONCLUSIONS : The coordination between health and education is based as much on the actions of health services as on management and educational institutions. Thus, it becomes a challenge to implement the teaching-learning processes that are supported by critical-reflexive actions. It is necessary to carry out proposals for permanent education in health involving the participation of health professionals, teachers and educational institutions.OBJETIVO : Realizar metasĂntesis de la literatura sobre los principales conceptos y prĂĄcticas relacionados con la educaciĂłn permanente en salud. MĂTODOS : Se realizĂł bĂșsqueda bibliogrĂĄfica de artĂculos originales en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, IBECS y SciELO, utilizando los siguientes descriptores: â public health professional educationâ, âpermanent educationâ, âcontinuing educationâ, âpermanent education health â. De un total de 590 artĂculos identificados, posterior a los criterios de inclusiĂłn y exclusiĂłn, fueron seleccionados 48 para anĂĄlisis, los cuales fueron sometidos al anĂĄlisis individual, anĂĄlisis comparativo, anĂĄlisis con criterios de agrupamiento de elementos-clave y sometidos a metasĂntesis. RESULTADOS : Los 48 artĂculos originales fueron clasificados como elementos-clave en cuatro unidades temĂĄticas: 1) Concepciones; 2) Estrategias y dificultades; 3) PolĂticas pĂșblicas e 4) Instituciones formadoras. Se encontraron tres concepciones principales de educaciĂłn permanente en salud: ubicaciĂłn del problema y enfocarlo en el trabajo en equipo, directamente relacionado con la educaciĂłn continua y educaciĂłn que se da a lo largo de la vida. Las principales estrategias para efectivar la educaciĂłn permanente fueron la ubicaciĂłn del problema, mantenimiento de espacios para la educaciĂłn permanente y polos de educaciĂłn permanente. El mayor factor limitante estuvo relacionado con la gerencia directa o indirecta. Fueron mencionadas la necesidad de implementaciĂłn y mantenimiento de polĂticas pĂșblicas, asĂ como la disponibilidad de recursos financieros y humanos. Las instituciones formadoras tendrĂan la necesidad de articular educaciĂłn y servicio para la formaciĂłn de egresados crĂticos-reflexivos. CONCLUSIONES : La articulaciĂłn educaciĂłn y salud se encuentra pautada tanto en las acciones de los servicios de salud, cuanto en la gestiĂłn y de instituciones formadoras. AsĂ, se torna un desafĂo implementar procesos de educaciĂłn-aprendizaje que sean respaldados por acciones crĂtico-reflexivas. Es necesario realizar propuestas de educaciĂłn permanente en salud con la participaciĂłn de profesionales de los servicios, profesores y profesionales de las instituciones de educaciĂłn.OBJETIVO : Realizar metassĂntese da literatura sobre os principais conceitos e prĂĄticas relacionados Ă educação permanente em saĂșde. MĂTODOS : Foi realizada busca bibliogrĂĄfica de artigos originais nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, IBECS e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes descritores: â public health professional education â, â permanent educationâ, âcontinuing education â, â permanent education health â. De um total de 590 artigos identificados, apĂłs os critĂ©rios de inclusĂŁo e exclusĂŁo, foram selecionados 48 para anĂĄlise, os quais foram submetidos Ă anĂĄlise individual, anĂĄlise comparativa, anĂĄlise com critĂ©rios de agrupamentos de elementos-chave e submetidos Ă metassĂntese. RESULTADOS : Os 48 artigos originais foram classificados como elementos-chave em quatro unidades temĂĄticas: 1) ConcepçÔes; 2) EstratĂ©gias e dificuldades; 3) PolĂticas pĂșblicas; e 4) InstituiçÔes formadoras. Foram encontradas trĂȘs concepçÔes principais de educação permanente em saĂșde: problematizadora e focada no trabalho em equipe, diretamente relacionada Ă educação continuada e educação que se dĂĄ ao longo da vida. As principais estratĂ©gias para efetivação da educação permanente foram a problematização, manutenção de espaços para a educação permanente e polos de educação permanente. O maior fator limitante foi relacionado Ă gerĂȘncia direta ou indireta. Foram indicadas a necessidade de implementação e manutenção de polĂticas pĂșblicas, alĂ©m de disponibilidade de recursos financeiros e de recursos humanos. As instituiçÔes formadoras teriam necessidade de articular ensino e serviço para a formação de egressos crĂticos-reflexivos. CONCLUSĂES : A articulação educação e saĂșde encontra-se pautada tanto nas açÔes dos serviços de saĂșde, quanto de gestĂŁo e de instituiçÔes formadoras. Assim, torna-se um desafio implementar processos de ensino-aprendizagem que sejam respaldados por açÔes crĂtico-reflexivas. Ă necessĂĄrio realizar propostas de educação permanente em saĂșde com a participação de profissionais dos serviços, professores e profissionais das instituiçÔes de ensino
Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV
The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pTâ„20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60â€pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2â€{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration
Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in âsNN=5.02ââTeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (ÎÏ) and pseudorapidity (Îη) are measured in âsNN=5.02ââTeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1ââÎŒb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ÎŁETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Îη|<5) ânear-sideâ (ÎÏâŒ0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ÎŁETPb. A long-range âaway-sideâ (ÎÏâŒÏ) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ÎŁETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Îη and ÎÏ) and ÎŁETPb dependence. The resultant ÎÏ correlation is approximately symmetric about Ï/2, and is consistent with a dominant cosâĄ2ÎÏ modulation for all ÎŁETPb ranges and particle pT
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