Serodiagnosis of Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus of Groundnut Occurring in North-Easternkarnataka

The groundnut samples with peanut bud necrosis were collected from different parts of north eastern Karnataka and subjected to DAC-ELISA technique using polyclonal antiserum of PBNV and TSWV. All samples reacted positively with PBNV, while gave negative reaction against TSWV antisera. The weed samples prevailing in groundnut ecosystem, subjected to DAC-ELISA against PBNV also gave negative reaction. ELISA for different symptomatic PBND groundnut plants revealed that the primary symptomatic plants contained higher virus concentration. Furthermore, PBNV infected leaves with primary symptoms had highest virus titre. The study revealed that the virus causing bud necrosis in groundnut and tomato in north eastern Karnataka was PBNV. There was no natural infection of PBNV in major weeds prevailing in groundnut fields

De-implementation of low value castration for men with prostate cancer: protocol for a theory-based, mixed methods approach to minimizing low value androgen deprivation therapy (DeADT)

Abstract Background Men with prostate cancer are often castrated with long-acting injectable drugs termed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although many benefit, ADT is also used in patients with little or nothing to gain. The best ways to stop this practice are unknown, and range from blunt pharmacy restrictions to informed decision-making. This study will refine and pilot two different de-implementation strategies for reducing ADT use among those unlikely to benefit in preparation for a comparative effectiveness trial. Methods/design This innovative mixed methods research program has three aims. Aim 1: To assess preferences and barriers for de-implementation of chemical castration in prostate cancer. Guided by the theoretical domains framework (TDF), urologists and patients from facilities with the highest and lowest castration rates across the VA will be interviewed to identify key preferences and de-implementation barriers for reducing castration as prostate cancer treatment. This qualitative work will inform Aim 2 while gathering rich information for two proposed pilot intervention strategies. Aim 2: To use a discrete choice experiment (DCE), a novel barrier prioritization approach, for de-implementation strategy tailoring. The investigators will conduct national surveys of urologists to prioritize key barriers identified in Aim 1 for stopping incident castration as localized prostate cancer treatment using a DCE experiment design. These quantitative results will identify the most important barriers to be addressed through tailoring of two pilot de-implementation strategies in preparation for Aim 3 piloting. Aim 3: To pilot two tailored de-implementation strategies to reduce castration as localized prostate cancer treatment. Building on findings from Aims 1 and 2, two de-implementation strategies will be piloted. One strategy will focus on formulary restriction at the organizational level and the other on physician/patient informed decision-making at different facilities. Outcomes will include acceptability, feasibility, and scalability in preparation for an effectiveness trial comparing these two widely varying de-implementation strategies. Discussion Our innovative approach to de-implementation strategy development is directly aligned with state-of-the-art complex implementation intervention development and implementation science. This work will broadly advance de-implementation science for low value cancer care, and foster participation in our de-implementation evaluation trial by addressing barriers, facilitators, and concerns through pilot tailoring. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03579680 , First Posted July 6, 2018.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146541/1/13012_2018_Article_833.pd

Genomic regions associated with resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population

Parents and 318 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross, TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 were evaluated for peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) resistance and agronomic traits under natural infestation of thrips at a disease hotspot location for 2 years. Significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects suggested role of environment in development and spread of the disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using QTL Cartographer identified a total of 14 QTL for six traits of which five QTL were for disease incidence. One quantitative trait locus q60DI located on LG_AhII was identified using both QTL Cartographer and QTL Network. Another QTL q90DI was detected with a high PVE of 12.57 using QTL Cartographer. A total of nine significant additive × additive (AA) interactions were detected for PBND disease incidence and yield traits with two and seven interactions displaying effects in favour of the parental and recombinant genotype combinations, respectively. This is the first attempt on QTL discovery associated with PBND resistance in peanut. Superior RILs identified in the study can be recycled or released as variety following further evaluations

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

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Not AvailableGroundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed, food and fodder crop which is one of the five most important oil seed crops of the world. In India, groundnut is grown in an area of 5.47 million ha with a production of 5.51 million tones (2). Peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) caused by peanut bud necrosis tospovirus (PBNV) vectored by Thrips palmi Karny (9) is a major disease of groundnut in South East Asia especially in India causing an yield loss of 89 million US dollars (1). The yield loss due to PBND in groundnut mainly depends on the time of infection. If the infection occurs on young plants (<60 days) pod yield loss will be 100% (6). On the basis of severity of PBNV incidence, a number of “hotspots” such as Mainpuri (Uttar pradesh), Rajendranagar,Kadiri and Palem (Andra Pradesh), Latur (Maharashtra),Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh) and Raichur (Karnataka) have been identified (3). Host plant resistance is an economical as well as desirable component in the management of viral diseases. Since, PBND is destructive disease, identification of genotypes that can resist/tolerate the disease during early stages of crop growth are useful in minimizing ield loss due to the disease. Although, some varieties are identified as resistant/tolerant to PBND but most of them do not have the desirable pod features. Screening procedures to identify groundnut genotypes with resistance to PBND have relied mainly on natural field infection (4). Since, Raichur is one of the ‘hot spots’ for PBNV infection in groundnut and the incidence of PBND can reach up to 75 per cent (5), it is suitable for screening of germplasm against the disease. Hence, during the present study 419 interspecific derivatives of groundnut obtained from Directorate of Groundnut Research (DGR), Junagadh were screened against the disease under natural epiphytotic condition and the resistant lines were evaluated for the pod features.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOut of 419 peanut interspecific derivatives, screened over four seasons in epiphytotic field (Hot spot location) and glasshouse conditions, seven genotypes viz., CS-43, CS-54, CS-55, CS-73, CS-77, CS-82 and CS-104 were confirmed as potential resistant with least disease incidence, high dry pod yield, desirable yield and pod features besides longer DFSA, DLSA and t50. Further significant positive correlation was found between t50 and DFSA, PBND (%) and DLSA. However, negative correlation was recorded between PBND (%) and t50, PBND (%) and DFSA. In glasshouse test, all cross inoculated with PBNV and subsequently produced leaves of resistant genotypes showed presence of virus revealed the block in the systemic virus movement. Perhaps this is first attempt in searching for PBND resistance in interspecific derivatives of peanut and these genotypes can be better utilized in resistant breeding programme for PBND resistant agronomically high yielding varieties.Not Availabl

Inhibiting S100B(ββ) for Activating Wild-Type p53: Design of Stapled Peptides

S100B(ββ) is a member of the S100B protein family and is distributed in a cell-specific manner. Its levels are elevated in several cancers such as malignant melanoma and correlate directly with poor prognosis in patients. S100B(ββ) directly interacts with the tumor suppressor p53, inhibiting tetramerization and protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation, consequently decreasing p53 DNA binding and transcriptional activity, and preventing apoptosis. Thus, S100B(ββ) is being pursued as a target for therapeutic inhibition. However, development of small molecule inhibitors targeting p53-interactions has met with limited success. In this work, we present a set of designed stapled peptide inhibitors of S100B(ββ), guided by the structure of the C-terminal domain of p53 complexed with S100B(ββ). We further modified a tightly binding stapled peptide with imaging agents and propose these as potential diagnostic agents to detect S100B(ββ) as a biomarker.NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore)ASTAR (Agency for Sci., Tech. and Research, S’pore)EDB (Economic Devt. Board, S’pore)Published versio