Design of roundabout in Horsens (Denmark) and comparison of Danish and Czech approach to design

Cílem této bakalářské práce je návrh okružní křižovatky v Dánsku ve spolupráci s dánskou univerzitou VIA University College v Horsens a porovnání různých přístupů k řešení jednotlivých prvků okružních křižovatek v České republice a Dánsku. První část práce se zabývá vlastním návrhem okružní křižovatky a je zpracována vesměs v angličtině. Výkresová dokumentace je dvoujazyčná a je doplněna technickou zprávou v češtině. Druhou část práce tvoří porovnání dánského a českého přístupu k návrhu okružních křižovatek a zaobírá se nejdůležitějšími rozdíly které byly zjištěny při vytváření projektu.The aim of this bachelor's thesis is design of roundabout in Denmark in cooperation with Danish university VIA University College in Horsens and comparison of different approaches to designing specific project solutions for roundabouts in Czech republic and Denmark. The first part of thesis is dealing with whole roundabout design and is made generally in English. All drawings are bilingual with added technical report in Czech. The second part of thesis consist of comparison of Danish and Czech approach to roundabout design and is dealing with the most important differences which were found during project.

Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino cross section with IceCube using Earth absorption

Neutrinos interact only very weakly, so they are extremely penetrating. However, the theoretical neutrino-nucleon interaction cross section rises with energy such that, at energies above 40 TeV, neutrinos are expected to be absorbed as they pass through the Earth. Experimentally, the cross section has been measured only at the relatively low energies (below 400 GeV) available at neutrino beams from accelerators \cite{Agashe:2014kda, Formaggio:2013kya}. Here we report the first measurement of neutrino absorption in the Earth, using a sample of 10,784 energetic upward-going neutrino-induced muons observed with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The flux of high-energy neutrinos transiting long paths through the Earth is attenuated compared to a reference sample that follows shorter trajectories through the Earth. Using a fit to the two-dimensional distribution of muon energy and zenith angle, we determine the cross section for neutrino energies between 6.3 TeV and 980 TeV, more than an order of magnitude higher in energy than previous measurements. The measured cross section is $1.30^{+0.21}_{-0.19}$ (stat.) $^{+0.39}_{-0.43}$ (syst.) times the prediction of the Standard Model \cite{CooperSarkar:2011pa}, consistent with the expectation for charged and neutral current interactions. We do not observe a dramatic increase in the cross section, expected in some speculative models, including those invoking new compact dimensions \cite{AlvarezMuniz:2002ga} or the production of leptoquarks \cite{Romero:2009vu}.Comment: Preprint version of Nature paper 10.1038/nature2445

Forms of address as Cross-Cultural Code-Switching: The case of German and Danish in Higher Education

Both German and Danish have distinct pronouns for addressing communication partners formally and informally (referred to as V for Sie/De and T for du/du). However, their use differs considerably in Germany and Denmark, e. g. in higher education. In Germany, the lecturer and the students use V, in Denmark they use T. Based on the observation that Danish students are very reluctant (and sometimes even opposed) to use V in the classroom in Denmark, this article proposes to consider the use of V and T as a case of Cross-Cultural Code-Switching. It is hypothesized that V causes Cultural Cognitive Dissonance for (young) Danes since V is interpreted as an overt manifestation of power distance in a society which considers itself as egalitarian. Ways to cope with such cognitive dissonance in foreign language teaching are discussed. Furthermore, the article addresses the broader question of when cultural behaviours are supposed to apply and – in particular – what conventions are appropriate in higher education in Denmark when German is the language of instruction: should we use V as in Germany or T as in Denmark? Arguments for both choices are presented and discussed

USA v. Denmark

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvani

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

USA v. Fosque Denmark

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvani

Cumulative incidence of entry into out-of-home care:Changes over time in Denmark and England

Policies and thresholds vary for placing children into out-of-home care (OHC) at different ages. Evidence is lacking that quantifies the risk of entering OHC by age, and how this varies over time and between countries. We determined the age-specific cumulative incidence of ever entering OHC during childhood in Denmark and in eight local authorities in England. We used administrative data for any form of OHC (except respite care) provided by children's social services in Denmark and England from 1992 to 2008. Using life tables and national population estimates, we calculated the cumulative incidence of entry into OHC by year of age for cohorts born in 1992–1994 through to 2006–2008. The cumulative incidence of entry into OHC decreased over time in Denmark and increased in England at all ages. Cumulative incidence of OHC in the first year of life was similar in Denmark and England for infants born in 1992–1994 (Denmark 2.83/1,000, England 2.89/1,000), but infants born in 2007–2008 were nearly three times as likely to enter OHC before their first birthday in England (4.50/1,000) than in Denmark (1.61/1,000). Entry into OHC during adolescence was more common in Denmark than in England so that by 16 years old the cumulative incidence of ever entering OHC during childhood was twice as high in Denmark (33.83/1,000) as in England (15.62/1,000). Diverging trends over time in the use of OHC in Denmark and England are likely to reflect changing policies in the two countries

Influence of Photoexcitation Depth on Luminescence Spectra of Bulk GaAs Single Crystals and Defect Structure Characterization

The results of investigation of bulk GaAs photoluminescence are presented taken from near-surface layers of different thicknesses using for excitation the light with the wavelengths which are close but some greater than the excitonic absorption resonances (so-called bulk photoexcitation). Only the excitonic and band-edge luminescence is seen under the interband excitation, while under the bulk excitation, the spectra are much more informative. The interband excited spectra of all the samples investigated in the present work are practically identical, whereas the bulk excited PL spectra are different for different samples and excitation depths and provide the information on the deep-level point defect composition of the bulk materials.Comment: Aalborg Summer School on Nonlinear Optics, Aalborg, Denmark, 7-12 August 199

Endomorphisms of the Cuntz Algebras and the Thompson Groups

We investigate the relationship between endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal O}_2$ and endomorphisms of the Thompson groups $F$, $T$ and $V$ represented inside the unitary group of ${\mathcal O}_2$. For an endomorphism $\lambda_u$ of ${\mathcal O}_2$, we show that $\lambda_u(V)\subseteq V$ if and only if $u\in V$. If $\lambda_u$ is an automorphism of ${\mathcal O}_2$ then $u\in V$ is equivalent to $\lambda_u(F)\subseteq V$. Our investigations are facilitated by introduction of the concept of modestly scaling endomorphism of ${\mathcal O}_n$, whose properties and examples are investigated.Comment: v1: 10 pages. v2: minor changes, updated reference list, 11 pages; to appear in Studia Mathematic