The state of play of blockchain technology in the financial services sector: A systematic literature review

The modern trends of digitalization have completely transformed and reshaped business practices, whole businesses, and even a number of industries. Blockchain technology is believed to be the latest advancement in industries such as the financial sector, where trust is of prime significance. Blockchain technology is a decentralized and coded security system which provides the capability for new digital services and platforms to be created through this emerging technology. This research presents a systematic review of scholarly articles on blockchain technology in the financial sector. We commenced by considering 227 articles and subsequently filtered this list down to 87 articles. From this, we present a classification framework that has three dimensions: blockchain-enabled financial benefits, challenges, and functionality. This research identifies implications for future research and practice within the blockchain paradigm

Strategies and Approaches for Exploiting the Value of Open Data

Data is increasingly permeating into all dimensions of our society and has become an indispensable commodity that serves as a basis for many products and services. Traditional sectors, such as health, transport, retail, are all benefiting from digital developments. In recent years, governments have also started to participate in the open data venture, usually with the motivation of increasing transparency. In fact, governments are one of the largest producers and collectors of data in many different domains. As the increasing amount of open data and open government data initiatives show, it is becoming more and more vital to identify the means and methods how to exploit the value of this data that ultimately affects various dimensions. In this thesis we therefore focus on researching how open data can be exploited to its highest value potential, and how we can enable stakeholders to create value upon data accordingly. Albeit the radical advances in technology enabling data and knowledge sharing, and the lowering of barriers to information access, raw data was given only recently the attention and relevance it merits. Moreover, even though the publishing of data is increasing at an enormously fast rate, there are many challenges that hinder its exploitation and consumption. Technical issues hinder the re-use of data, whilst policy, economic, organisational and cultural issues hinder entities from participating or collaborating in open data initiatives. Our focus is thus to contribute to the topic by researching current approaches towards the use of open data. We explore methods for creating value upon open (government) data, and identify the strengths and weaknesses that subsequently influence the success of an open data initiative. This research then acts as a baseline for the value creation guidelines, methodologies, and approaches that we propose. Our contribution is based on the premise that if stakeholders are provided with adequate means and models to follow, then they will be encouraged to create value and exploit data products. Our subsequent contribution in this thesis therefore enables stakeholders to easily access and consume open data, as the first step towards creating value. Thereafter we proceed to identify and model the various value creation processes through the definition of a Data Value Network, and also provide a concrete implementation that allows stakeholders to create value. Ultimately, by creating value on data products, stakeholders participate in the global data economy and impact not only the economic dimension, but also other dimensions including technical, societal and political

Interrogation d'un réseau sémantique de documents : l'intertextualité dans l'accès à l'information juridique

A collection of documents is generally represented as a set of documents but this simple representation does not take into account cross references between documents, which often defines their context of interpretation. This standard document model is less adapted for specific professional uses in specialized domains in which documents are related by many various references and the access tools need to consider this complexity. We propose two models based on formal and relational concept analysis and on semantic web techniques. Applied on documentary objects, these two models represent and query in a unified way documents content descriptors and documents relations.Une collection documentaire est généralement représentée comme un ensemble de documents mais cette modélisation ne permet pas de rendre compte des relations intertextuelles et du contexte d'interprétation d'un document. Le modèle documentaire classique trouve ses limites dans les domaines spécialisés où les besoins d'accès à l'information correspondent à des usages spécifiques et où les documents sont liés par de nombreux types de relations. Ce travail de thèse propose deux modèles permettant de prendre en compte cette complexité des collections documentaire dans les outils d'accès à l'information. Le premier modèle est basée sur l'analyse formelle et relationnelle de concepts, le deuxième est basée sur les technologies du web sémantique. Appliquées sur des objets documentaires ces modèles permettent de représenter et d'interroger de manière unifiée les descripteurs de contenu des documents et les relations intertextuelles qu'ils entretiennent

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction towards E-shopping in Malaysia

Online shopping or e-shopping has changed the world of business and quite a few people have decided to work with these features. What their primary concerns precisely and the responses from the globalisation are the competency of incorporation while doing their businesses. E-shopping has also increased substantially in Malaysia in recent years. The rapid increase in the e-commerce industry in Malaysia has created the demand to emphasize on how to increase customer satisfaction while operating in the e-retailing environment. It is very important that customers are satisfied with the website, or else, they would not return. Therefore, a crucial fact to look into is that companies must ensure that their customers are satisfied with their purchases that are really essential from the ecommerce’s point of view. With is in mind, this study aimed at investigating customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among students randomly selected from various public and private universities located within Klang valley area. Total 369 questionnaires were returned, out of which 341 questionnaires were found usable for further analysis. Finally, SEM was employed to test the hypotheses. This study found that customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia is to a great extent influenced by ease of use, trust, design of the website, online security and e-service quality. Finally, recommendations and future study direction is provided. Keywords: E-shopping, Customer satisfaction, Trust, Online security, E-service quality, Malaysia

An investigation into the impact of enterprise architecture decisions on the responsibilities of software developers in companies that develop software

Enterprise Architecture endeavours to resolve the complexity of increasingly distributed systems by aligning business vision with IT strategy, which in turn should reduce the overall costs of IT in the business and provide simpler, better and faster solutions to business problems. There are many Enterprise Architecture frameworks. The main purpose of most of these frameworks is to assist with the challenges of managing the increased complexity of distributed systems, aligning business vision with IT strategy and reducing IT costs. Many of the studies which produced the results stating Enterprise Architecture aligns business vision and reduces IT costs, were based on Zachman’s work, and most of the published Enterprise Architecture success stories focus on the benefits provided to the company with regards to IT. In contrast very little documentation could be found that addresses the impact of Enterprise Architecture implementations on the individuals and systems within a company. If the individuals as the main implementers of any strategy are impacted negatively by Enterprise Architecture management decisions, there would be a negative impact on the return on investment of the company. Enterprise Architecture allows the use of overlapping departments’ processes and data, which translates into less development time as system components would already exist. Changes that are made to the Enterprise Architecture result in several additional changes that had to be implemented by the software developers. These changes influenced the workload, roles and responsibilities of the developers in such a way that the development team became negative about the additional work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Enterprise Architecture management decisions on the responsibilities, work experience and attitude towards Enterprise Architecture of the software developers in a company that develops software by exploring and describing the nature of software development. Based on the findings of this study, a list of impact of Enterprise Architecture decisions on the responsibilities of software developers in companies that develop software were identified. In this respect, the study identified impacts of Enterprise Architecture management decisions as well as possible solutions to these impacts.ComputingM. Sc. (Information Systems

A mediação digital como suporte para a participação no contexto dos sindicatos de professores: proposta de um modelo com base na análise de experiências de e-participação

Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências da Informação, especialidade em Sistemas e Tecnologias da InformaçãoA década de 2000 fez da Internet o meio preferencial para a comunicação entre cidadãos. Nasceu o Youtube, o Second Life, o Twitter, o Facebook, o LinkedIn, as redes sociais em geral e a Web 2.0. O advento da Internet, da Web 2.0, das redes sociais, permitiram desenvolver novas formas de relacionamento entre governos e cidadãos, com destaque para a interação mediada eletronicamente entre cada cidadão ou grupos de cidadãos e diferentes organismos, públicos, privados ou de âmbito social, dando origem a uma nova forma de participação designada por e-participação. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo é contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos benefícios desses ambientes colaborativos, promovendo a qualidade de interação entre os atores, ou seja, contribuir para o estudo da e-participação em organizações, com aplicação, principalmente, na relação entre sindicatos de professores, professores e outros atores da sociedade civil. No contexto dos sindicatos de professores portugueses, a adoção de tecnologias de informação e comunicação é já uma realidade. No entanto, os sindicatos privilegiam a disseminação de informação unidirecional, quer através de correio eletrónico, SMS ou newsletters, quer através dos seus portais Web. Estes ainda carecem de interação, participação e colaboração. Acreditamos, por isso, que seria útil e desejável desenvolver uma solução tecnológica que promove a participação estruturada e a comunicação multidirecional (síncrona e assíncrona) entre sindicatos, os seus membros e outras partes interessadas na educação, num único lugar, neutro e regulamentado, de forma a reduzir o fosso de comunicação identificado e fortalecer a relação entre esses atores chave. Propomos, assim, uma plataforma de mediação digital projetada para reunir vários atores num espaço deliberativo compartilhado, baseada num modelo concetual e a prova correspondente de conceito para apoiar a comunicação entre sindicatos de professores e a sociedade civil, em geral. Acreditamos que esta proposta pode enriquecer os portais dos sindicatos de professores com características inovadoras e, como resultado, contribuir para fortalecer a relação entre os sindicatos e a comunidade educativa e promover a participação de todos os interessados no processo de educação. A prova de conceito deste estudo, uma plataforma de mediação digital com suporte para comunicação síncrona e assíncrona bidirecional, foi adequada ao contexto dos sindicatos de professores através de dez experiências de utilização aplicadas na Federação Nacional dos Professores (FENPROF) e Sindicato dos Professores da Região Centro (SPRC), com o envolvimento de outros atores, como os sindicatos membros da FENPROF e outros sindicatos de professores, representantes de municípios e empresas, associações de pais, políticos e sociedade civil. Neste estudo apresentam-se os resultados obtidos a partir das experiências de utilização, analisam-se e discutem-se esses resultados à luz do modelo proposto, a que chamamos esfera da participação e, em face disso, fazem-se recomendações para que os sindicatos sejam organizações mais dinâmicas e se transformem em entidades ligadas.The 2000s made the Internet the preferred means for communication between citizens. The Youtube, Second Life, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, the social networks in general, and the Web 2.0 were born. The rise of these tools, based on the Web 2.0, enabled the development of new ways of interaction between governments and citizens. Particularly relevant is the electronically mediated interaction between each citizen or groups of citizens and several public, private, or social, organizations, which has led to a new form of participation, known as e-participation. In this context, the aim of the current study is to contribute to a better understanding of the benefits of these collaborative environments by promoting the quality of interaction among participants, i.e., to contribute to the study of e-participation in the organizations, especially in the relationship between teachers’ unions, teachers, and other participants from the civil society. Regarding the Portuguese teachers’ unions, the adoption of information and communication technologies is already a reality. Nevertheless, the application of these technologies is usually limited to the unidirectional spread of information, either via email, SMS or newsletters, or through their Web portals. In other words, the unions still lack in interaction, participation and cooperation. Therefore, we believe it would be useful and desirable to develop a technological solution that promotes a structured participation and a multidirectional communication (synchronous and asynchronous) among the unions, their members and other participants interested in the educational system, in a single, neutral, and regulated place in order to reduce the identified communication gap and strengthen the relationship between these key actors. Accordingly, we propose a platform for digital mediation, based on a conceptual model, and designed to bring together different stakeholders in a deliberative shared space, and the corresponding proof of concept to support the communication between the teachers' unions and the civil society in general. The aforementioned platform is expected to enrich the teachers’ unions’ portals with innovative features, and thus help strengthen the relationship between the unions and the educational community, and promote the participation of all stakeholders in the education process. The proof of concept of the current study, a platform for digital mediation with support for synchronous and asynchronous two-way communication, was properly adapted to the context of the teachers’ unions through ten experiments applied at the National Federation of Teachers (FENPROF) and the Teachers’ Union of the Centre Region (SPRC). These experiments also included the participation of member unions of FENPROF and other teachers’ unions, municipalities’ and companies’ representatives, parents associations, politicians and the civil society. The outcomes of the performed experiments are analysed and discussed considering the proposed model, here named participation sphere, and, in light of these, different suggestions are proposed for the unions to become more dynamic and to turn into connected entities.Les années 2000 ont fait de l'Internet le moyen privilégié pour la communication entre les citoyens. Pendant cette période sont nés YouTube, Second Life, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, les réseaux sociaux en général et le Web 2.0. L'avènement d’Internet, du Web 2.0, des réseaux sociaux, ont permis le développement de nouvelles formes de relations entre les gouvernements et les citoyens, en particulier l'interaction médiée par voie électronique entre les citoyens ou groupes de citoyens et diverses organisations publiques, privées ou sociales, donnant naissance à une nouvelle forme de participation appelée e-participation. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des avantages de ces environnements collaboratives, en promouvant la qualité d'interaction entre les acteurs, c’est à dire, de contribuer à l'étude de l'e-participation en organisations, surtout en ce qui concerne la relation entre les syndicats d'enseignants, les enseignants et d’autres acteurs de la société civile. Dans le contexte des syndicats portugais d’enseignants, l'adoption de technologies d’information et de communication est déjà une réalité. Cependant, les syndicats favorisent la propagation de l'information à sens unique, que ce soit par email, SMS ou des newsletters, ou à travers leurs portails Web. Ceux-ci manquent encore d’interaction, de participation et de collaboration. Nous croyons donc qu'il serait utile et souhaitable de développer une solution technologique qui favorise la participation structurée et la communication multidirectionnelle (asynchrone et synchrone) entre les syndicats, leurs membres et d'autres intervenants de l'éducation, en un seul endroit, neutre et réglementé afin de réduire l'écart de communication identifié et de renforcer la relation entre ces acteurs clés. Ainsi, nous proposons une plateforme de médiation numérique conçue pour rassembler les différents acteurs dans un espace délibératif partagé, basée sur un modèle conceptuel et la preuve correspondante de concept afin de faciliter la communication entre les syndicats d'enseignants et la société civile en général. Nous croyons que cette proposition peut enrichir les portails des syndicats d'enseignants avec des fonctionnalités innovantes et, par conséquent, contribuer à renforcer les relations entre les syndicats et la communauté éducative et de promouvoir la participation de toutes les parties prenantes dans le processus de l'éducation. La preuve de concept de cette étude, une plateforme de médiation numérique avec support pour la communication synchrone et asynchrone bidirectionnelle, a été adaptée au contexte des syndicats d'enseignants à travers dix expériences d'utilisation appliquées à la Fédération nationale des enseignantes (FENPROF) et au Syndicat de la Région Centre (SPRC), avec la participation d'autres acteurs, tels que les syndicats membres de la FENPROF et d'autres syndicats d’enseignants, les représentants des municipalités et des entreprises, les associations des parents, les politiciens et la société civile. Cette étude présente les résultats obtenus par l'utilisation d'expériences, ceux-ci sont analysés et discutés en accord avec le modèle proposé à ce qu’on appelle sphère de participation et, ainsi, on recommande aux syndicats pour qu’ils soient des organisations plus dynamiques et deviennent des entités connectées

A mediação digital como suporte para a participação no contexto dos sindicatos de professores: proposta de um modelo com base na análise de experiências de e-participação

Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências da Informação, especialidade em Sistemas e Tecnologias da InformaçãoA década de 2000 fez da Internet o meio preferencial para a comunicação entre cidadãos. Nasceu o Youtube, o Second Life, o Twitter, o Facebook, o LinkedIn, as redes sociais em geral e a Web 2.0. O advento da Internet, da Web 2.0, das redes sociais, permitiram desenvolver novas formas de relacionamento entre governos e cidadãos, com destaque para a interação mediada eletronicamente entre cada cidadão ou grupos de cidadãos e diferentes organismos, públicos, privados ou de âmbito social, dando origem a uma nova forma de participação designada por e-participação. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo é contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos benefícios desses ambientes colaborativos, promovendo a qualidade de interação entre os atores, ou seja, contribuir para o estudo da e-participação em organizações, com aplicação, principalmente, na relação entre sindicatos de professores, professores e outros atores da sociedade civil. No contexto dos sindicatos de professores portugueses, a adoção de tecnologias de informação e comunicação é já uma realidade. No entanto, os sindicatos privilegiam a disseminação de informação unidirecional, quer através de correio eletrónico, SMS ou newsletters, quer através dos seus portais Web. Estes ainda carecem de interação, participação e colaboração. Acreditamos, por isso, que seria útil e desejável desenvolver uma solução tecnológica que promove a participação estruturada e a comunicação multidirecional (síncrona e assíncrona) entre sindicatos, os seus membros e outras partes interessadas na educação, num único lugar, neutro e regulamentado, de forma a reduzir o fosso de comunicação identificado e fortalecer a relação entre esses atores chave. Propomos, assim, uma plataforma de mediação digital projetada para reunir vários atores num espaço deliberativo compartilhado, baseada num modelo concetual e a prova correspondente de conceito para apoiar a comunicação entre sindicatos de professores e a sociedade civil, em geral. Acreditamos que esta proposta pode enriquecer os portais dos sindicatos de professores com características inovadoras e, como resultado, contribuir para fortalecer a relação entre os sindicatos e a comunidade educativa e promover a participação de todos os interessados no processo de educação. A prova de conceito deste estudo, uma plataforma de mediação digital com suporte para comunicação síncrona e assíncrona bidirecional, foi adequada ao contexto dos sindicatos de professores através de dez experiências de utilização aplicadas na Federação Nacional dos Professores (FENPROF) e Sindicato dos Professores da Região Centro (SPRC), com o envolvimento de outros atores, como os sindicatos membros da FENPROF e outros sindicatos de professores, representantes de municípios e empresas, associações de pais, políticos e sociedade civil. Neste estudo apresentam-se os resultados obtidos a partir das experiências de utilização, analisam-se e discutem-se esses resultados à luz do modelo proposto, a que chamamos esfera da participação e, em face disso, fazem-se recomendações para que os sindicatos sejam organizações mais dinâmicas e se transformem em entidades ligadas.The 2000s made the Internet the preferred means for communication between citizens. The Youtube, Second Life, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, the social networks in general, and the Web 2.0 were born. The rise of these tools, based on the Web 2.0, enabled the development of new ways of interaction between governments and citizens. Particularly relevant is the electronically mediated interaction between each citizen or groups of citizens and several public, private, or social, organizations, which has led to a new form of participation, known as e-participation. In this context, the aim of the current study is to contribute to a better understanding of the benefits of these collaborative environments by promoting the quality of interaction among participants, i.e., to contribute to the study of e-participation in the organizations, especially in the relationship between teachers’ unions, teachers, and other participants from the civil society. Regarding the Portuguese teachers’ unions, the adoption of information and communication technologies is already a reality. Nevertheless, the application of these technologies is usually limited to the unidirectional spread of information, either via email, SMS or newsletters, or through their Web portals. In other words, the unions still lack in interaction, participation and cooperation. Therefore, we believe it would be useful and desirable to develop a technological solution that promotes a structured participation and a multidirectional communication (synchronous and asynchronous) among the unions, their members and other participants interested in the educational system, in a single, neutral, and regulated place in order to reduce the identified communication gap and strengthen the relationship between these key actors. Accordingly, we propose a platform for digital mediation, based on a conceptual model, and designed to bring together different stakeholders in a deliberative shared space, and the corresponding proof of concept to support the communication between the teachers' unions and the civil society in general. The aforementioned platform is expected to enrich the teachers’ unions’ portals with innovative features, and thus help strengthen the relationship between the unions and the educational community, and promote the participation of all stakeholders in the education process. The proof of concept of the current study, a platform for digital mediation with support for synchronous and asynchronous two-way communication, was properly adapted to the context of the teachers’ unions through ten experiments applied at the National Federation of Teachers (FENPROF) and the Teachers’ Union of the Centre Region (SPRC). These experiments also included the participation of member unions of FENPROF and other teachers’ unions, municipalities’ and companies’ representatives, parents associations, politicians and the civil society. The outcomes of the performed experiments are analysed and discussed considering the proposed model, here named participation sphere, and, in light of these, different suggestions are proposed for the unions to become more dynamic and to turn into connected entities.Les années 2000 ont fait de l'Internet le moyen privilégié pour la communication entre les citoyens. Pendant cette période sont nés YouTube, Second Life, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, les réseaux sociaux en général et le Web 2.0. L'avènement d’Internet, du Web 2.0, des réseaux sociaux, ont permis le développement de nouvelles formes de relations entre les gouvernements et les citoyens, en particulier l'interaction médiée par voie électronique entre les citoyens ou groupes de citoyens et diverses organisations publiques, privées ou sociales, donnant naissance à une nouvelle forme de participation appelée e-participation. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des avantages de ces environnements collaboratives, en promouvant la qualité d'interaction entre les acteurs, c’est à dire, de contribuer à l'étude de l'e-participation en organisations, surtout en ce qui concerne la relation entre les syndicats d'enseignants, les enseignants et d’autres acteurs de la société civile. Dans le contexte des syndicats portugais d’enseignants, l'adoption de technologies d’information et de communication est déjà une réalité. Cependant, les syndicats favorisent la propagation de l'information à sens unique, que ce soit par email, SMS ou des newsletters, ou à travers leurs portails Web. Ceux-ci manquent encore d’interaction, de participation et de collaboration. Nous croyons donc qu'il serait utile et souhaitable de développer une solution technologique qui favorise la participation structurée et la communication multidirectionnelle (asynchrone et synchrone) entre les syndicats, leurs membres et d'autres intervenants de l'éducation, en un seul endroit, neutre et réglementé afin de réduire l'écart de communication identifié et de renforcer la relation entre ces acteurs clés. Ainsi, nous proposons une plateforme de médiation numérique conçue pour rassembler les différents acteurs dans un espace délibératif partagé, basée sur un modèle conceptuel et la preuve correspondante de concept afin de faciliter la communication entre les syndicats d'enseignants et la société civile en général. Nous croyons que cette proposition peut enrichir les portails des syndicats d'enseignants avec des fonctionnalités innovantes et, par conséquent, contribuer à renforcer les relations entre les syndicats et la communauté éducative et de promouvoir la participation de toutes les parties prenantes dans le processus de l'éducation. La preuve de concept de cette étude, une plateforme de médiation numérique avec support pour la communication synchrone et asynchrone bidirectionnelle, a été adaptée au contexte des syndicats d'enseignants à travers dix expériences d'utilisation appliquées à la Fédération nationale des enseignantes (FENPROF) et au Syndicat de la Région Centre (SPRC), avec la participation d'autres acteurs, tels que les syndicats membres de la FENPROF et d'autres syndicats d’enseignants, les représentants des municipalités et des entreprises, les associations des parents, les politiciens et la société civile. Cette étude présente les résultats obtenus par l'utilisation d'expériences, ceux-ci sont analysés et discutés en accord avec le modèle proposé à ce qu’on appelle sphère de participation et, ainsi, on recommande aux syndicats pour qu’ils soient des organisations plus dynamiques et deviennent des entités connectées

Uncovering the Generative Mechanisms of Open Data through a Mixed Methods Approach

The impact of the digital revolution on our societies can be compared to the ripples caused by a stone thrown in water: spreading outwards and affecting a larger and larger part of our lives with every year that passes. One of the many effects of this revolution is the emergence of an already unprecedented amount of digital data that is accumulating exponentially. Moreover, a central affordance of digitization is the ability to distribute, share and collaborate, and we have thus seen an “open theme” gaining currency in recent years. These trends are reflected in the explosion of Open Data Initiatives (ODIs) around the world. However, while hundreds of national and local governments have established open data portals, there is a general feeling that these ODIs have not yet lived up to their true potential. This feeling is not without good reason; the recent Open Data Barometer report highlights that strong evidence on the impacts of open government data is almost universally lacking (Davies, 2013). This lack of evidence is disconcerting for government organizations that have already expended money on opening data, and might even result in the termination of some ODIs. This lack of evidence also raises some relevant questions regarding the nature of value generation in the context of free data and sharing of information over networks. Do we have the right methods, the right intellectual tools, to understand and reflect the value that is generated in such ecosystems

Políticas de Copyright de Publicações Científicas em Repositórios Institucionais: O Caso do INESC TEC

A progressiva transformação das práticas científicas, impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento das novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), têm possibilitado aumentar o acesso à informação, caminhando gradualmente para uma abertura do ciclo de pesquisa. Isto permitirá resolver a longo prazo uma adversidade que se tem colocado aos investigadores, que passa pela existência de barreiras que limitam as condições de acesso, sejam estas geográficas ou financeiras. Apesar da produção científica ser dominada, maioritariamente, por grandes editoras comerciais, estando sujeita às regras por estas impostas, o Movimento do Acesso Aberto cuja primeira declaração pública, a Declaração de Budapeste (BOAI), é de 2002, vem propor alterações significativas que beneficiam os autores e os leitores. Este Movimento vem a ganhar importância em Portugal desde 2003, com a constituição do primeiro repositório institucional a nível nacional. Os repositórios institucionais surgiram como uma ferramenta de divulgação da produção científica de uma instituição, com o intuito de permitir abrir aos resultados da investigação, quer antes da publicação e do próprio processo de arbitragem (preprint), quer depois (postprint), e, consequentemente, aumentar a visibilidade do trabalho desenvolvido por um investigador e a respetiva instituição. O estudo apresentado, que passou por uma análise das políticas de copyright das publicações científicas mais relevantes do INESC TEC, permitiu não só perceber que as editoras adotam cada vez mais políticas que possibilitam o auto-arquivo das publicações em repositórios institucionais, como também que existe todo um trabalho de sensibilização a percorrer, não só para os investigadores, como para a instituição e toda a sociedade. A produção de um conjunto de recomendações, que passam pela implementação de uma política institucional que incentive o auto-arquivo das publicações desenvolvidas no âmbito institucional no repositório, serve como mote para uma maior valorização da produção científica do INESC TEC.The progressive transformation of scientific practices, driven by the development of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which made it possible to increase access to information, gradually moving towards an opening of the research cycle. This opening makes it possible to resolve, in the long term, the adversity that has been placed on researchers, which involves the existence of barriers that limit access conditions, whether geographical or financial. Although large commercial publishers predominantly dominate scientific production and subject it to the rules imposed by them, the Open Access movement whose first public declaration, the Budapest Declaration (BOAI), was in 2002, proposes significant changes that benefit the authors and the readers. This Movement has gained importance in Portugal since 2003, with the constitution of the first institutional repository at the national level. Institutional repositories have emerged as a tool for disseminating the scientific production of an institution to open the results of the research, both before publication and the preprint process and postprint, increase the visibility of work done by an investigator and his or her institution. The present study, which underwent an analysis of the copyright policies of INESC TEC most relevant scientific publications, allowed not only to realize that publishers are increasingly adopting policies that make it possible to self-archive publications in institutional repositories, all the work of raising awareness, not only for researchers but also for the institution and the whole society. The production of a set of recommendations, which go through the implementation of an institutional policy that encourages the self-archiving of the publications developed in the institutional scope in the repository, serves as a motto for a greater appreciation of the scientific production of INESC TEC

Ontologies for Legal Relevance and Consumer Complaints. A Case Study in the Air Transport Passenger Domain

Applying relevant legal information to settle complaints and disputes is a common challenge for all legal practitioners and laymen. However, the analysis of the concept of relevance itself has thus far attracted only sporadic attention. This thesis bridges this gap by understanding the components of complaints, and by defining relevant legal information, and makes use of computational ontologies and design patterns to represent this relevant knowledge in an explicit and structured way. This work uses as a case-study a real situation of consumer disputes in the Air Transport Passenger domain. Two artifacts were built: the Relevant Legal Information in Consumer Disputes Ontology, and its specialization, the Air Transport Passenger Incidents Ontology, aimed at modelling relevant legal information; and the Complaint Design Pattern proposed to conceptualize complaints. In order to demonstrate the ability of the ontologies to serve as a knowledge base for a computer program providing relevant legal information, a demonstrative application was developed