420 research outputs found
A review of the healthcare-management (modeling) literature published at Manufacturing and Service Operations Management
Healthcare systems throughout the world are under pressure to widen access, improve efficiency and quality of care, and reduce inequity. Achieving these conflicting goals requires innovative approaches, utilizing new technologies, data analytics, and process improvements. The operations management community has taken on this challenge: more than 10% of articles published in M&SOM in the period from 2009 to 2018 has developed analytical models that aim to inform healthcare operational decisions and improve medical decision-making. This article presents a review of the research published in M&SOM on healthcare management since its inception 20 years ago and reflects on opportunities for further research
Managing Water under Uncertainty and Risk: The United Nations World Water Development Report 4
This report introduces new aspects of water issues: 1) it reintroduces the 12 challenge area reports that provided the foundation for the first two World Water Development Reports (WWDR); 2) 4 new reports on water quality, groundwater, gender, and desertification, land degradation and drought; 3) in recognition that the global challenges of water can vary considerably across countries and regions, a series of 5 regional reports have been included; 4) a deeper analysis of the main external forces of freshwater resources and possibilities for their future evolution; 5) managing water under uncertainty and risk
Resource discovery for distributed computing systems: A comprehensive survey
Large-scale distributed computing environments provide a vast amount of heterogeneous computing resources from different sources for resource sharing and distributed computing. Discovering appropriate resources in such environments is a challenge which involves several different subjects. In this paper, we provide an investigation on the current state of resource discovery protocols, mechanisms, and platforms for large-scale distributed environments, focusing on the design aspects. We classify all related aspects, general steps, and requirements to construct a novel resource discovery solution in three categories consisting of structures, methods, and issues. Accordingly, we review the literature, analyzing various aspects for each category
A survey of flooding, gossip routing, and related schemes for wireless multi- hop networks
Flooding is an essential and critical service in computer networks that is
used by many routing protocols to send packets from a source to all nodes in
the network. As the packets are forwarded once by each receiving node, many
copies of the same packet traverse the network which leads to high redundancy
and unnecessary usage of the sparse capacity of the transmission medium.
Gossip routing is a well-known approach to improve the flooding in wireless
multi-hop networks. Each node has a forwarding probability p that is either
statically per-configured or determined by information that is available at
runtime, e.g, the node degree. When a packet is received, the node selects a
random number r. If the number r is below p, the packet is forwarded and
otherwise, in the most simple gossip routing protocol, dropped. With this
approach the redundancy can be reduced while at the same time the reachability
is preserved if the value of the parameter p (and others) is chosen with
consideration of the network topology. This technical report gives an overview
of the relevant publications in the research domain of gossip routing and
gives an insight in the improvements that can be achieved. We discuss the
simulation setups and results of gossip routing protocols as well as further
improved flooding schemes. The three most important metrics in this
application domain are elaborated: reachability, redundancy, and management
overhead. The published studies used simulation environments for their
research and thus the assumptions, models, and parameters of the simulations
are discussed and the feasibility of an application for real world wireless
networks are highlighted. Wireless mesh networks based on IEEE 802.11 are the
focus of this survey but publications about other network types and
technologies are also included. As percolation theory, epidemiological models,
and delay tolerant networks are often referred as foundation, inspiration, or
application of gossip routing in wireless networks, a brief introduction to
each research domain is included and the applicability of the particular
models for the gossip routing is discussed
Descoberta de recursos para sistemas de escala arbitrarias
Doutoramento em InformĂĄticaTecnologias de Computação DistribuĂda em larga escala tais como Cloud,
Grid, Cluster e Supercomputadores HPC estĂŁo a evoluir juntamente com a
emergĂȘncia revolucionĂĄria de modelos de mĂșltiplos nĂșcleos (por exemplo:
GPU, CPUs num Ășnico die, Supercomputadores em single die, Supercomputadores
em chip, etc) e avanços significativos em redes e soluçÔes de
interligação. No futuro, nĂłs de computação com milhares de nĂșcleos podem
ser ligados entre si para formar uma Ășnica unidade de computação
transparente que esconde das aplicaçÔes a complexidade e a natureza distribuĂda desses sistemas com mĂșltiplos nĂșcleos. A fim de beneficiar de forma
eficiente de todos os potenciais recursos nesses ambientes de computação
em grande escala com mĂșltiplos nĂșcleos ativos, a descoberta de recursos Ă© um elemento crucial para explorar ao mĂĄximo as capacidade de todos
os recursos heterogĂ©neos distribuĂdos, atravĂ©s do reconhecimento preciso e
localização desses recursos no sistema. A descoberta eficiente e escalåvel
de recursos ÂŽe um desafio para tais sistemas futuros, onde os recursos e as
infira-estruturas de computação e comunicação subjacentes são altamente
dinùmicas, hierarquizadas e heterogéneas. Nesta tese, investigamos o problema
da descoberta de recursos no que diz respeito aos requisitos gerais da
escalabilidade arbitrĂĄria de ambientes de computação futuros com mĂșltiplos
nĂșcleos ativos. A principal contribuição desta tese ÂŽe a proposta de uma
entidade de descoberta de recursos adaptativa hĂbrida (Hybrid Adaptive
Resource Discovery - HARD), uma abordagem de descoberta de recursos eficiente
e altamente escalĂĄvel, construĂda sobre uma sobreposição hierĂĄrquica
virtual baseada na auto-organizaçãoo e auto-adaptação de recursos de processamento
no sistema, onde os recursos computacionais sĂŁo organizados
em hierarquias distribuĂdas de acordo com uma proposta de modelo de
descriçãoo de recursos multi-camadas hierårquicas. Operacionalmente, em
cada camada, que consiste numa arquitetura ponto-a-ponto de mĂłdulos que,
interagindo uns com os outros, fornecem uma visĂŁo global da disponibilidade
de recursos num ambiente distribuĂdo grande, dinĂąmico e heterogĂ©neo. O
modelo de descoberta de recursos proposto fornece a adaptabilidade e flexibilidade
para executar consultas complexas através do apoio a um conjunto
de caracterĂsticas significativas (tais como multi-dimensional, variedade e
consulta agregada) apoiadas por uma correspondĂȘncia exata e parcial, tanto
para o conteĂșdo de objetos estĂ©ticos e dinĂąmicos. SimulaçÔes mostram
que o HARD pode ser aplicado a escalas arbitrĂĄrias de dinamismo, tanto
em termos de complexidade como de escala, posicionando esta proposta
como uma arquitetura adequada para sistemas futuros de mĂșltiplos nĂșcleos.
TambĂ©m contribuĂmos com a proposta de um regime de gestĂŁo eficiente
dos recursos para sistemas futuros que podem utilizar recursos distribuĂos
de forma eficiente e de uma forma totalmente descentralizada. Além disso,
aproveitando componentes de descoberta (RR-RPs) permite que a nossa
plataforma de gestĂŁo de recursos encontre e aloque dinamicamente recursos
disponĂeis que garantam os parĂąmetros de QoS pedidos.Large scale distributed computing technologies such as Cloud, Grid, Cluster
and HPC supercomputers are progressing along with the revolutionary emergence
of many-core designs (e.g. GPU, CPUs on single die, supercomputers
on chip, etc.) and significant advances in networking and interconnect solutions.
In future, computing nodes with thousands of cores may be connected
together to form a single transparent computing unit which hides from applications
the complexity and distributed nature of these many core systems. In
order to efficiently benefit from all the potential resources in such large scale
many-core-enabled computing environments, resource discovery is the vital
building block to maximally exploit the capabilities of all distributed heterogeneous
resources through precisely recognizing and locating those resources
in the system. The efficient and scalable resource discovery is challenging for
such future systems where the resources and the underlying computation and
communication infrastructures are highly-dynamic, highly-hierarchical and
highly-heterogeneous. In this thesis, we investigate the problem of resource
discovery with respect to the general requirements of arbitrary scale future
many-core-enabled computing environments. The main contribution of this
thesis is to propose Hybrid Adaptive Resource Discovery (HARD), a novel
efficient and highly scalable resource-discovery approach which is built upon
a virtual hierarchical overlay based on self-organization and self-adaptation
of processing resources in the system, where the computing resources are
organized into distributed hierarchies according to a proposed hierarchical
multi-layered resource description model. Operationally, at each layer, it
consists of a peer-to-peer architecture of modules that, by interacting with
each other, provide a global view of the resource availability in a large,
dynamic and heterogeneous distributed environment. The proposed resource
discovery model provides the adaptability and flexibility to perform complex
querying by supporting a set of significant querying features (such as
multi-dimensional, range and aggregate querying) while supporting exact
and partial matching, both for static and dynamic object contents. The
simulation shows that HARD can be applied to arbitrary scales of dynamicity,
both in terms of complexity and of scale, positioning this proposal as a
proper architecture for future many-core systems. We also contributed to
propose a novel resource management scheme for future systems which
efficiently can utilize distributed resources in a fully decentralized fashion.
Moreover, leveraging discovery components (RR-RPs) enables our resource
management platform to dynamically find and allocate available resources
that guarantee the QoS parameters on demand
Management, Technology and Learning for Individuals, Organisations and Society in Turbulent Environments
This book presents the collection of fifty two papers which were presented on the First International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY â08 - Management, Technology and Learning for Individuals, Organisations and Society in Turbulent Environments, held in Ofir, Portugal, from 25th to 27th of June, 2008. The main motive of the meeting was the growing awareness of the importance of the sustainability issue. This importance had emerged from the growing uncertainty of the market behaviour that leads to the characterization of the market, i.e. environment, as turbulent. Actually, the characterization of the environment as uncertain and turbulent reflects the fact that the traditional technocratic and/or socio-technical approaches cannot effectively and efficiently lead with the present situation. In other words, the rise of the sustainability issue means the quest for new instruments to deal with uncertainty and/or turbulence.
The sustainability issue has a complex nature and solutions are sought in a wide range of domains and instruments to achieve and manage it. The domains range from environmental sustainability (referring to natural environment) through organisational and business sustainability towards social sustainability. Concerning the instruments for sustainability, they range from traditional engineering and management methodologies towards âsoftâ instruments such as knowledge, learning, creativity. The papers in this book address virtually whole sustainability problems space in a greater or lesser extent. However, although the uncertainty and/or turbulence, or in other words the dynamic properties, come from coupling of management, technology, learning, individuals, organisations and society, meaning that everything is at the same time effect and cause, we wanted to put the emphasis on business with the intention to address primarily the companies and their businesses.
From this reason, the main title of the book is âBusiness Sustainabilityâ but with the approach of coupling Management, Technology and Learning for individuals, organisations and society in Turbulent Environments.
Concerning the First International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, its particularity was that it had served primarily as a learning environment in which the papers published in this book were the ground for further individual and collective growth in understanding and perception of sustainability and capacity for building new instruments for business sustainability. In that respect, the methodology of the conference work was basically dialogical, meaning promoting dialog on the papers, but also including formal paper presentations. In this way, the conference presented a rich space for satisfying different authorsâ and participantsâ needs. Additionally, promoting the widest and global learning environment and participativeness, the Conference Organisation provided the broadcasting over Internet of the Conference sessions, dialogical and formal presentations, for all authorsâ and participantsâ institutions, as an innovative Conference feature.
In these terms, this book could also be understood as a complementary instrument to the Conference authorsâ and participantsâ, but also to the wider readershipsâ interested in the sustainability issues.
The book brought together 97 authors from 10 countries, namely from Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and United Kingdom. The authors ârangedâ from senior and renowned scientists to young researchers providing a rich and learning environment.
At the end, the editors hope and would like that this book will be useful, meeting the expectation of the authors and wider readership and serving for enhancing the individual and collective learning, and to incentive further scientific development and creation of new papers.
Also, the editors would use this opportunity to announce the intention to continue with new editions of the conference and subsequent editions of accompanying books on the subject of BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, the second of which is planned for year 2011.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Emerging Informatics
The book on emerging informatics brings together the new concepts and applications that will help define and outline problem solving methods and features in designing business and human systems. It covers international aspects of information systems design in which many relevant technologies are introduced for the welfare of human and business systems. This initiative can be viewed as an emergent area of informatics that helps better conceptualise and design new world-class solutions. The book provides four flexible sections that accommodate total of fourteen chapters. The section specifies learning contexts in emerging fields. Each chapter presents a clear basis through the problem conception and its applicable technological solutions. I hope this will help further exploration of knowledge in the informatics discipline
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