Comparative Analysis of the Recent Financial Crisis' Impact on the Retail Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the USA and in Poland

The aim of this article is to compare and assess the impact of the recent financial crisis on the retail electronic commerce in the economies of the European Union, the USA and Poland. Therefore the selected data from the biggest international companies connected with the retail electronic commerce from the years 2007 and 2008 in comparison to the previous year, and the selected economic data from the economies of the USA, the European Union and Poland till the year 2009, concerning the utilization and value of the electronic commerce trade and the number of people doing shopping online, and conclusions drawn from the analyses of those data are presented and discussed.Celem artykułu jest porównanie oraz ocenienie wpływu ostatniego kryzysu finansowego na detaliczny handel elektroniczny w gospodarkach Unii Europejskiej, Stanów Zjednoczonych oraz Polski. W tym celu wybrane dane z największych międzynarodowych firm związanych z detalicznym handlem elektronicznym z lat 2007 i 2008 w porównaniu do roku poprzedniego oraz wybrane dane ekonomiczne z gospodarek Stanów Zjednoczonych, Unii Europejskiej i Polski do roku 2009, dotyczące wykorzystatnia oraz wartości detalicznego handlu elektronicznego i liczby ludzi korzystających z zakupów internetowych oraz wnioski wyciągnięte z analiz tych danych są zaprezentowane i omówione

Focusing on Demand Side Management in the Future of the Electric Grid

The widespread blackout that occurred on August 14, 2003 (“the blackout”) exposed the weaknesses of the current electric transmission grid structure, and underscored the need for improvements to the transmission grid in the United States. The outage knocked out power to approximately fifty million people in Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey and the Canadian province of Ontario.\ud The total cost in the United States was estimated to be between $4 and$10 billion

Identifying the True Willingness-To-Pay of Bayesian Respondents in a Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Methodology

This paper develops a respondent model of Bayesian updating for a double-bound dichotomous choice (DB-DC) contingent valuation methodology. We demonstrate by way of data simulations that current DB-DC identifications of true willingness-to-pay (WTP) may often fail given this respondent Bayesian updating context. Further simulations demonstrate that a simple extension of current DB-DC identifications derived explicitly from our Bayesian updating behavioral model can correct for much of the WTP bias. Additional results provide some caution to viewing respondents as acting strategically toward the second bid. Finally, an empirical application confirms the simulation outcomes.Bayesian updating, contingent valuation, double-bound dichotomous choice, strategic behavior, willingness-to-pay

The Development of an Information Society and Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the Context of Selected Documents of the EU and International Organisations

In this article, the author presents selected documents on electronic commerce published by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce and the European Union since 1994.W niniejszym artykule autor prezentuje wybrane dokumenty dotyczące handlu elektronicznego opublikowane przez Komisję ONZ ds. Prawa Handlu Międzynarodowego, Światową Organizację Handlu OECD, Międzynarodową Izbę Handlu oraz Unię Europejską od roku 1994

Market Analysis of Textile Products Protecting Against UV Radiation (Used for Equipping Interiors, Construction and in Protective Clothing)

The aim of this article is to present the results of our analysis of the European market in the field of protective textile products, based on the EUROSTAT database and our own research. The market volumes of curtains and inner roller blinds, marquees and anti-solar curtains, male clothing accessories and female clothing accessories are presented and analyzed. Initial research of supply and demand in the Polish market of textile products protecting against UV radiation is also presented and discussed.Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników analizy rynku europejskiego w obszarze tekstyliów ochronnych opartej na bazie danych EUROSTAT. Zaprezentowane i przeanalizowane są wolumeny rynkowe zasłon i rolet wewnętrznych, markiz i zasłon przeciwsłonecznych oraz damskich i męskich dodatków odzieżowych. Przedstawione i omówione jest także wstępne badanie popytu i podaży na polskim rynku produktów tekstylnych chroniących przed promieniowaniem UV

Comparative Analysis Of The Utilisation Of Electronic Commerce And Business In Polish E-shops In The Years 2009-2011

The aim of the article is to present the results of research concerning the utilisation of different aspects of electronic commerce and business in Polish e-shops, based on a number of comparative analyses performed for the years 2009-2011. Some of the presented data concern also the year 2008. The most important aspects covered by the analyses are: international trade and exports of Polish e-shops, marketing aspects of online businesses, the infrastructure and safety of Polish e-shops, their financial results, and also actions planned in order to minimise the effects of the economic crisis. The main conclusions drawn from these analyses, as well as predictions for the future for the Polish e-market, are also presented.Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań dotyczących wykorzystania różnych aspektów handlu i biznesu elektronicznego w polskich e-sklepach oraz ich komparatywnej analizy wykonanej dla lat 2009-2011. Niektóre zaprezentowane dane dotyczą także roku 2008. Najważniejsze aspekty poruszane w analizach to: międzynarodowy handel i eksport polskich sklepów internetowych, aspekty marketingowe biznesu internetowego, infrastruktura i bezpieczeństwo polskich e-sklepów oraz ich wyniki finansowe, a także działania, które są planowane w celu zminimalizowania skutków kryzysu gospodarczego. W artykule zaprezentowane są również wnioski z wykonanych analiz oraz przewidywania na przyszłość dotyczące polskiego e-rynku

Social norms, morals and self-interest as determinants of pro-environment behaviours : the case of household recycling

The first author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Foundation for Polish Science.This paper considers the role which selfish, moral and social incentives and pressures play in explaining the extent to which stated choices over pro-environment behaviours vary across individuals. The empirical context is choices over household waste contracts and recycling actions in Poland. A theoretical model is used to show how cost-based motives and the desire for a positive self and social image combine to determine the utility from alternative choices of recycling behaviour. We then describe a discrete choice experiment designed to empirically investigate the effects such drivers have on stated choices. A hybrid logit model is used to link statements over attitudes to recycling to choices, dealing with a potential endogeneity problem caused by the joint effects of un-observables on attitudes and choices. We find that a substantial share of our respondents prefer to sort their waste at home rather than in a central sorting facility. This preference is associated with a moral/intrinsic motivation, involving a belief that sorting at home is more thorough than central sorting.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Social norms, morals and self-interest as determinants of pro-environment behaviours: the case of household recycling.

This paper considers the role which selfish, moral and social incentives and pressures play in explaining the extent to which stated choices over pro-environment behaviours vary across individuals. The empirical context is choices over household waste contracts and recycling actions in Poland. A theoretical model is used to show how cost-based motives and the desire for a positive self and social image combine to determine the utility from alternative choices of recycling behaviour. We then describe a discrete choice experiment designed to empirically investigate the effects such drivers have on stated choices. A hybrid logit model is used to link statements over attitudes to recycling to choices, dealing with a potential endogeneity problem caused by the joint effects of un-observables on attitudes and choices. We find that a substantial share of our respondents prefer to sort their waste at home rather than in a central sorting facility. This preference is associated with a moral/intrinsic motivation, involving a belief that sorting at home is more thorough than central sorting