S_3 Flavor Symmetry and Leptogenesis

We consider leptogenesis in a minimal S_3 extension of the standard model with an additional Z_2 symmetry in the leptonic sector. It is found that the CP phase appearing in the neutrino mixing is the same as that for the CP asymmetries responsible for leptogenesis. Because of the discrete S_3 x Z_2 flavor symmetries, the CP asymmetries are strongly suppressed. We therefore assume that the resonant enhancement of the CP asymmetries takes place to obtain a realistic size of baryon number asymmetry in theuniverse. Three degenerate right-handed neutrino masses of O(10) TeV are theoretically expected in this model.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figure

Survey and Assessment of Laws on the Informal Sector

This study classifies the laws affecting the informal sector and assesses the extent of the empowerment of the sector based on the provisions in the laws that allow for organization, decision making mechanisms and transfer of power from the traditional center to another. Results indicate that, to some extent, four groups within the sector are accorded empowerment through Philippine laws: the agricultural sector, small and medium enterprises, industrial home workers and cooperatives. These groups are allowed to form organizations and to participate in decision making bodies. Decision making is accorded to certain groups among informal sector, which, in some cases, comprise the majority members in decision making bodies. Nowhere among the laws is a shift of power provided from the traditional or government decision makers to the informal sector. However, certain groups within the IS have participated in the institution of some policies and the realization of programs for their own advantage.informal financial sectors, small and medium enterprises

Currency Devaluations, Product Pricing and Trade Deficits

This paper explains why currency movements and trade volumes, while theoretically related, have minimal effect on each other, in practice. In addition, it argues that volatile currency movements and trade deficits are not beneficial in the long run. A separate set of measures on how to deal with each issue is also discussed.trade sector, devaluation, foreign exchange liberalization, currency and banking crisis

Survey and Assessment of Laws on the Informal Sector

This study classifies the laws affecting the informal sector and assesses the extent of the empowerment of the sector based on the provisions in the laws that allow for organization, decision making mechanisms and transfer of power from the traditional center to another. Results indicate that, to some extent, four groups within the sector are accorded empowerment through Philippine laws: the agricultural sector, small and medium enterprises, industrial home workers and cooperatives. These groups are allowed to form organizations and to participate in decision making bodies. Decision making is accorded to certain groups among informal sector, which, in some cases, comprise the majority members in decision making bodies. Nowhere among the laws is a shift of power provided from the traditional or government decision makers to the informal sector. However, certain groups within the IS have participated in the institution of some policies and the realization of programs for their own advantage.informal financial sectors, small and medium enterprises

The Philippine Journal of Development: Its Beginning and Evolution

This paper traces the beginning and evolution of the Philippine Journal of Development--from its conception as a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), its transfer of management to the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) in 1981, to its new challenges for the years ahead. First published in 1974, the Journal's objective was to serve as a vehicle for disseminating research-based papers not only on development issues affecting the Philippines and which had policy implications, but also on other aspects of development like public administration, foreign relations, political economy, business and the like.Philippine development, Philippine Journal of Development

Toward a Major Revamp of the System of Establishment Enquiries

Assessment of the Philippine industrial statistics reveals data collection and processing problems that greatly impact on the timeliness and quality of data. This paper reviews the growth and development of the system of establishment enquiries in the Philippines from the first Annual Survey of Manufacturers. It also identifies the major problems of the present system and their underlying causes. This article argues that a major revamp of the system is necessary so that statistics can be more responsive to planning and policy formulation requirements.industrial statistics, survey method

Governance in Southeast Asia: Issues and Options

This paper attempts to analyze governance systems in Southeast Asia and proposes some policy suggestions that can improve governance practices in the region. To put the discussion on governance systems in a proper context, the paper discusses the governance and growth nexus in Southeast Asia; describes the operating governance systems in Southeast Asia; analyzes economic governance, more specifically in the areas of economic management and growth, revenue generation, social spending, access to services, cost of doing business, and corporate governance; and examines political governance focusing on the rule of law and judicial independence, conflict management, and voice participation.governance, development program, corruption

Linking Economic Policy and Environmental Outcomes at a Watershed Scale

Do the most promising policies to promote sustainable upland farming originate at the local or national level? Will coordination of local and national efforts produce better outcomes? This paper uses an optimization-simulation model of the Manupali watershed in the Philippines to investigate these issues. It compares the economic and environmental effects of four sets of stylized policy changes: (1) local policies that restrict some forms of land use; (2) local attempts to subsidize environment-friendly technologies; (3) a crop-specific tax levied on vegetable production; and (4) a hybrid approach that seeks to coordinate local technology initiatives with a broader-based national pricing policy.watershed, soil conservation, economy-environment linkage, upland farming

Thirty-Three Facts About Philippine Agricultural Credit

This paper is an edited and expanded version of PIDS Staff Paper 87-02. It provides a number of facts and observations regarding agricultural credit, the main source of which is the ongoing program to rehabilitate the rural banks, to re-orient the concept of supervised credit and the creation of the Comprehensive Agricultural Loan Fund. This article also includes the 20-year experience of the Philippines and other selected countries in rural banking and agricultural credit.agriculture sector, banking system, rural sector, credit market

Governance in Southeast Asia: Issues and Options

This paper attempts to analyze governance systems in Southeast Asia and proposes some policy suggestions that can improve governance practices in the region. To put the discussion on governance systems in a proper context, the paper discusses the governance and growth nexus in Southeast Asia; describes the operating governance systems in Southeast Asia; analyzes economic governance, more specifically in the areas of economic management and growth, revenue generation, social spending, access to services, cost of doing business, and corporate governance; and examines political governance focusing on the rule of law and judicial independence, conflict management, and voice participation.governance, development program, corruption