Diagnóstico da comercialização do pescado nas microrregiões do brejo, curimataú oriental e curimataú ocidental da Paraíba

The essay was produced based in interviews, by applicating a questionnaire to fish sellers and observating one by one, having as goal verify the forms of selling the fish consumed in supermarkets and free markets in 18 cities of 3 micro regions of the state of Paraíba (Brejo, Curimataú Oriental e Curimataú Ocidental). The questions treated about: commercialized species, commercialized volume, and ways of commercializing. It was observed that the Tilápia fish is the most commercialized fish in all of the micro regions, both in supermarkets and free markets, in free markets the media of price is R$10,83 and in supermarkets R$ 13,82.NenhumaO trabalho foi realizado utilizando-se entrevistas, por meio de aplicação de um questionário aos comerciantes de pescado e observação em loco, por parte do pesquisador, tendo como objetivo, verificar as formas de comercialização do pescado consumido em feiras livres e supermercado em 18 cidades de três microrregiões do estado da Paraíba (Brejo, Curimataú Oriental e Curimataú Ocidental).As questões aplicadas versavam sobre: Espécies comercializadas, preço praticado, procedência do pescado, volume comercializado, formas de comercialização. Foi observado que a Tilápia é o peixe mais comercializado em todas as microrregiões, tanto em feiras livres quanto em supermercados, nas feiras livres a media de preço foi de R$10,83 e nos supermercados foi de R$ 13,82

Comparative Analyses of Power Consumption in Arithmetic Algorithms Implementation

Historically, energy management in computer science has been treated as an activity predominantly of hardware optimization. A great part of the effort on the area, even nowadays, is concerned in components activation, deactivation or resources scheduling to provide, as a final result, the reduction of total power consumption. This work is focused on the power consumption subject under the developer point of view, using a reliable power measurement framework, to validate the literature programming premises about programming options, as, for example, multiplication operations are high consuming in power energy. Besides some elementary operations and authors suggestions about alternatives for power consumption reduction on the programming stage, it was also compared two well used and known algorithms for big numbers multiplication, Karatsuba and Toom-Cook. The results lead to conclusions that would help the developer, in programming stage, to choose, in some cases, the best technique for reduction of power consumption, speed up the software developed, or take some decisions to limit the final software to be under some maximum power

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Mapping of the spatial-temporal change for vegetation canopy in rough relief areas

The purpose of this paper is to present a way of mapping the changes happened in regions with vegetation canopy by means of multiespectral images, using a methodology especially designed for rough relieves, where generally the landforms work as an obstacle for the solar radiation propagation, providing the occurrence of shaded areas. The detection of vegetation areas is not efficient using only techniques as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In order to illustrate the mapping proposed technique, it was designed a map that shows the alteration in vegetation cover in the city of Rio de Janeiro whose relief is mostly made up of hills. The set of techniques for determination of vegetation which will overcome the limitations caused by shaded areas is based upon the overlay of the results from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the shaded areas calculated from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for verifing the existence of vegetation in regions with low brightness at the moment of the image’s capture by the satellite. Then, it will be possible to verify the existence of vegetation areas even in low illumination regions. These techniques were applied on a series with time interval of ten years using Landsat images considering the period from 1985 to 2015. The combination of the NDVI and DEM images with different insolation directions allowed more consistent results with the vegetation’s reality, reaching more than 97% accuracy. The final product of this work corresponds to a map that identifies the change in vegetation during these 30 years

Produção de híbridos de tomateiro cultivados sob diferentes porcentagens de sombreamento

A região norte de Minas Gerais é marcada por um verão de alta intensidade luminosa, o que consequentemente inviabiliza o cultivo de algumas hortaliças nessa época. Objetivando avaliar o rendimento agronômico e a qualidade do cultivo do tomateiro sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento, conduziu-se, de novembro 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, um experimento na empresa Qualihort Sementes Ltda, localizada na cidade de Nova Porterinha, Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com 4 repetições, sendo dois híbridos (Dominador e Giovanna) e quatro porcentagens de sombreamento (0%, 18%, 30% e 50%). O híbrido Dominador foi superior ao Giovanna em relação a altura da planta, número total de frutos, número de frutos por planta. O sombreamento promoveu aumento linear na altura das plantas. A produtividade total, comercial e altura das plantas foram maiores quando se utilizou 50% de sombreamento. As diferentes porcentagens de sombreamento não alteraram significativamente as características avaliadas, pH, Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST), Acidez Total Titulável (ATT) e Relação Sólidos Solúveis/Acidez Titulável (RSA). Observou-se maior valor médio de pH nos frutos do híbrido Dominador, e maior valor médio de SST no 'Giovanna'. O híbrido Dominador e os ambientes sombreados condicionaram melhores desempenhos agronômicos para o tomateiro no Norte de Minas Gerais, com destaque para a tela de 50% de sombreamento. Porém, o sombreamento das plantas não influenciou a qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro

A crise entre o modo de produção capitalista e a finitude dos recursos naturais: a ascensão de um novo modelo ético como alicerce de um estado ambiental de direito

A alta velocidade com que se desenvolve a sociedade no campo da tecnologia é contrária à garantia do mínimo existencial, desencadeando, assim, o processo de desequilíbrio ambiental, pois a contínua exploração desenfreada acarretará a falta de condições para a existência humana. Sendo necessário notar a enorme importância que a preservação da biodiversidade representa aos cidadãos. No que concerne à diversidade das espécies, a sua funcionalidade destaca-se no fornecimento de recursos para os seres humanos, além de representar o alcance das adaptações evolucionárias e ecológicas das espécies em determinados ambientes. Desta forma, o presente trabalho busca analisar a crise entre o modo de produção capitalista e a finitude dos recursos naturais trazendo a ascensão de um novo modelo ético como alicerce de um estado ambiental de direito