233 research outputs found
A transfer matrix method for the analysis of fractal quantum potentials
The scattering properties of quantum particles on fractal potentials at
different stages of fractal growth are obtained by means of the transfer matrix
method. This approach can be easily adopted for project assignments in
introductory quantum mechanics for undergraduates. The reflection coefficients
for both the fractal potential and the finite periodic potential are calculated
and compared. It is shown that the reflection coefficient for the fractal has a
self-similar structure associated with the fractal distribution of the
potential
Pre-multisymplectic constraint algorithm for field theories
We present a geometric algorithm for obtaining consistent solutions to
systems of partial differential equations, mainly arising from singular
covariant first-order classical field theories. This algorithm gives an
intrinsic description of all the constraint submanifolds.
The field equations are stated geometrically, either representing their
solutions by integrable connections or, what is equivalent, by certain kinds of
integrable m-vector fields. First, we consider the problem of finding
connections or multivector fields solutions to the field equations in a general
framework: a pre-multisymplectic fibre bundle (which will be identified with
the first-order jet bundle and the multimomentum bundle when Lagrangian and
Hamiltonian field theories are considered). Then, the problem is stated and
solved in a linear context, and a pointwise application of the results leads to
the algorithm for the general case. In a second step, the integrability of the
solutions is also studied.
Finally, the method is applied to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian field theories
and, for the former, the problem of finding holonomic solutions is also
analized.Comment: 30 pp. Presented in the International Workshop on Geometric Methods
in Modern Physics (Firenze, April 2005
MYC directly transactivates CR2/CD21, the receptor of the Epstein-Barr virus, enhancing the viral infection of Burkitt lymphoma cells.
MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor dysregulated in about half of total human tumors. While transcriptomic studies reveal more than 1000 genes regulated by MYC, a much smaller fraction of genes is directly transactivated by MYC. Virtually all Burkitt lymphoma (BL) carry chromosomal translocations involving MYC oncogene. Most endemic BL and a fraction of sporadic BL are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The currently accepted mechanism is that EBV is the BL-causing agent inducing MYC translocation. Herein we show that the EBV receptor, CR2 (also called CD21), is a direct MYC target gene. This is based on several pieces of evidence: MYC induces CR2 expression in both proliferating and arrested cells and in the absence of protein synthesis, binds the CR2 promoter and transactivates CR2 in an E-box-dependent manner. Moreover, using mice with conditional MYC ablation we show that MYC induces CR2 in primary B cells. Importantly, modulation of MYC levels directly correlates with EBV's ability of infection in BL cells. Altogether, in contrast to the widely accepted hypothesis for the correlation between EBV and BL, we propose an alternative hypothesis in which MYC dysregulation could be the first event leading to the subsequent EBV infection.S
Is COPD a Progressive Disease? A Long Term Bode Cohort Observation
Background: The Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) defines COPD as a disease that is usually progressive. GOLD also provides a spirometric classification of airflow limitation. However, little is known about the long-term changes of patients in different GOLD grades. Objective: Explore the proportion and characteristics of COPD patients that change their spirometric GOLD grade over long-term follow-up. Methods: Patients alive for at least 8 years since recruitment and those who died with at least 4 years of repeated spirometric measurements were selected from the BODE cohort database. We purposely included the group of non survivors to avoid a “survival selection” bias. The proportion of patients that had a change (improvement or worsening) in their spirometric GOLD grading was calculated and their characteristics compared with those that remained in the same grade. Results: A total of 318 patients were included in the survivor and 217 in the non-survivor groups. Nine percent of survivors and 11% of non survivors had an improvement of at least one GOLD grade. Seventy one percent of survivors and non-survivors remained in the same GOLD grade. Those that improved had a greater degree of airway obstruction at baseline. Conclusions: In this selected population of COPD patients, a high proportion of patients remained in the same spirometric GOLD grade or improved in a long-term follow-up. These findings suggest that once diagnosed, COPD is usually a non-progressive disease
Correlation of recist, computed tomography morphological response, and pathological regression in hepatic metastasis secondary to colorectal cancer : The avamet study
The prospective phase IV AVAMET study was undertaken to correlate response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST)-defined response rates with computed tomography-based morphological criteria (CTMC) and pathological response after liver resection of colorectal cancer metastases. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0/1 and histologically-confirmed colon or rectal adenocarcinoma with measurable liver metastases. Preoperative treatment was bevacizumab (7.5 mg on day 1) + XELOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m, capecitabine 1000 mg/m bid on days 1-14 q3w). After three cycles, response was evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. Patients who were progression-free and metastasectomy candidates received one cycle of XELOX before undergoing surgery 3-5 weeks later, followed by four cycles of bevacizumab + XELOX. A total of 83 patients entered the study; 68 were eligible for RECIST, 67 for CTMC, and 51 for pathological response evaluation. Of these patients, 49% had a complete or partial RECIST response, 91% had an optimal or incomplete CTMC response, and 81% had a complete or major pathological response. CTMC response predicted 37 of 41 pathological responses versus 23 of 41 responses predicted using RECIST (p = 0.008). Kappa coefficients indicated a lack of correlation between the results of RECIST and morphological responses and between morphological and pathological response rates. CTMC may represent a better marker of pathological response to bevacizumab + XELOX than RECIST in patients with potentially-resectable CRC liver metastases
Scalability approaches for causal multicast: a survey
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00607-015-0479-0Many distributed services need to be scalable: internet search,
electronic commerce, e-government... In order to
achieve scalability, high availability and fault tolerance, such
applications rely on replicated components. Because of the dynamics
of growth and volatility of customer markets, applications need to be
hosted by adaptive, highly scalable systems. In particular, the
scalability of the reliable multicast mechanisms used for supporting
the consistency of replicas is of crucial importance. Reliable
multicast might propagate updates in a pre-determined order (e.g.,
FIFO, total or causal). Since total order needs more communication
rounds than causal order, the latter appears to be the preferable
candidate for achieving multicast scalability, although the
consistency guarantees based on causal order are weaker than those of
total order. This paper provides a historical survey of different
scalability approaches for reliable causal multicast protocols.This work was supported by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) under research Grant TIN2012-37719-C03-01.Juan Marín, RD.; Decker, H.; Armendáriz Íñigo, JE.; Bernabeu Aubán, JM.; Muñoz Escoí, FD. (2016). Scalability approaches for causal multicast: a survey. Computing. 98(9):923-947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-015-0479-0S923947989Adly N, Nagi M (1995) Maintaining causal order in large scale distributed systems using a logical hierarchy. In: IASTED Intnl Conf on Appl Inform, pp 214–219Aguilera MK, Chen W, Toueg S (1997) Heartbeat: a timeout-free failure detector for quiescent reliable communication. In: 11th Intnl Wshop on Distrib Alg (WDAG), Saarbrücken, pp 126–140Almeida JB, Almeida PS, Baquero C (2004) Bounded version vectors. In: 18th Intnl Conf Distrib Comput (DISC), Amsterdam, pp 102–116Almeida PS, Baquero C, Fonte V (2008) Interval tree clocks. 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Somatotypes trajectories during adulthood and their association with COPD phenotypes
Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprises distinct phenotypes, all
characterised by airflow limitation.
Objectives: We hypothesised that somatotype changes – as a surrogate of adiposity – from early adulthood
follow different trajectories to reach distinct phenotypes.
Methods: Using the validated Stunkard’s Pictogram, 356 COPD patients chose the somatotype that best
reflects their current body build and those at ages 18, 30, 40 and 50 years. An unbiased group-based
trajectory modelling was used to determine somatotype trajectories. We then compared the current
COPD-related clinical and phenotypic characteristics of subjects belonging to each trajectory.
Measurements and main results: At 18 years of age, 88% of the participants described having a lean or
medium somatotype (estimated body mass index (BMI) between 19 and 23 kg·m−2
) while the other 12% a
heavier somatotype (estimated BMI between 25 and 27 kg·m−2
). From age 18 onwards, five distinct
trajectories were observed. Four of them demonstrating a continuous increase in adiposity throughout
adulthood with the exception of one, where the initial increase was followed by loss of adiposity after age
40. Patients with this trajectory were primarily females with low BMI and DLCO (diffusing capacity of the
lung for carbon monoxide). A persistently lean trajectory was seen in 14% of the cohort. This group had
significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), DLCO, more emphysema and a worse BODE
(BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise capacity) score thus resembling the multiple organ loss
of tissue (MOLT) phenotype.
Conclusions: COPD patients have distinct somatotype trajectories throughout adulthood. Those with the
MOLT phenotype maintain a lean trajectory throughout life. Smoking subjects with this lean phenotype in
early adulthood deserve particular attention as they seem to develop more severe COPD
Validation of diabetes mellitus and hypertension diagnosis in computerized medical records in primary health care
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Computerized Clinical Records, which are incorporated in primary health care practice, have great potential for research. In order to use this information, data quality and reliability must be assessed to prevent compromising the validity of the results.</p> <p>The aim of this study is to validate the diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the computerized clinical records of primary health care, taking the diagnosis criteria established in the most prominently used clinical guidelines as the gold standard against which what measure the sensitivity, specificity, and determine the predictive values.</p> <p>The gold standard for diabetes mellitus was the diagnostic criteria established in 2003 American Diabetes Association Consensus Statement for diabetic subjects. The gold standard for hypertension was the diagnostic criteria established in the Joint National Committee published in 2003.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional multicentre validation study of diabetes mellitus and hypertension diagnoses in computerized clinical records of primary health care was carried out. Diagnostic criteria from the most prominently clinical practice guidelines were considered for standard reference.</p> <p>Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and global agreement (with kappa index), were calculated. Results were shown overall and stratified by sex and age groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The agreement for diabetes mellitus with the reference standard as determined by the guideline was almost perfect (κ = 0.990), with a sensitivity of 99.53%, a specificity of 99.49%, a positive predictive value of 91.23% and a negative predictive value of 99.98%.</p> <p>Hypertension diagnosis showed substantial agreement with the reference standard as determined by the guideline (κ = 0.778), the sensitivity was 85.22%, the specificity 96.95%, the positive predictive value 85.24%, and the negative predictive value was 96.95%. Sensitivity results were worse in patients who also had diabetes and in those aged 70 years or over.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results substantiate the validity of using diagnoses of diabetes and hypertension found within the computerized clinical records for epidemiologic studies.</p
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in
operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from
this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release
Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first
two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14
is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all
data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14
is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation
Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the
Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2),
including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine
learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes
from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous
release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of
the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the
important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both
targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS
website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to
data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is
planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be
followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14
happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov
2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections
only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected
Association between anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic risk factors in pre-school children
ABSTRACT: The world health organization (WHO) and the Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants- study (IDEFICS), released anthropometric reference values obtained from normal body weight children. This study examined the relationship between WHO [body mass index (BMI) and triceps- and subscapular-skinfolds], and IDEFICS (waist circumference, waist to height ratio and fat mass index) anthropometric indices with cardiometabolic risk factors in pre-school children ranging from normal body weight to obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 232 children (aged 4.1 ± 0.05 years) was performed. Anthropometric measurements were collected and BMI, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, triceps- and subscapular-skinfolds sum and fat mass index were calculated. Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model analysis insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipids and apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 (Apo B) and Apo A-I were determined. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were run. Results: 51 % (n = 73) of the boys and 52 % (n = 47) of the girls were of normal body weight, 49 % (n = 69) of the boys and 48 % (n = 43) of the girls were overweight or obese. Anthropometric indices correlated (p 0.68 to AUC < 0.76). Conclusions: WHO and IDEFICS anthropometric indices correlated similarly with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. The diagnostic accuracy of the anthropometric indices as a proxy to identify children with insulin resistance was similar. These data do not support the use of waist circumference, waist to height ratio, triceps- and subscapular- skinfolds sum or fat mass index, instead of the BMI as a proxy to identify pre-school children with insulin resistance, the most frequent alteration found in children ranging from normal body weight to obesity
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