El componente P300 como correlato neurofisiológico de la memoria de trabajo conductual en adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad

Deficit in the executive functions has been widely studied in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The interest in its neurophysiological correlates has led to an immprovement in the identification of the symptoms, the characteristics and the treatment of the disorder. The objective of this study was to analyse the correlation between latency and amplitude of the P300 component and an ecological measure of working memory in a sample of adolescents. Patients and methods. The sample consisted of 24 boys and 7 girls aged between 12 and 18 years. P300 cognitive evoked potentials in auditory mode at Cz were registered and analysed. Furthermore, the parents filled in an executive behaviour home rating scale (BRIEF), which the working memory index was extracted from. Results. Significant correlations were found between the P300 amplitude and the working memory index of the BRIEF-P. Conclusions. Results underline the usefulness of the P300 component for the study of its executive correlates, as well as the need to conduct further studies involving larger samples and greater complexityIntroducción. El déficit en funciones ejecutivas ha sido ampliamente estudiado en el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). El interés por sus correlatos neurofisiológicos apunta a una mejora en la identificación de los síntomas, las características y los tratamientos para el trastorno. Objetivo. Analizar, en una muestra de adolescentes con TDAH, la correlación entre la latencia y amplitud del componente P300 y una medida ecológica de memoria de trabajo. Pacientes y métodos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 24 chicos y 7 chicas de 12 a 18 años. Se realizó un registro y análisis de potenciales evocados cognitivos P300 en modalidad auditiva en Cz. Además, los padres cumplimentaron una escala de comportamiento ejecutivo en el hogar (BRIEF), de la que se extrajo el índice de memoria de trabajo. Resultados. Se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre la amplitud del P300 y el índice de memoria de trabajo del BRIEF-P. Conclusión. Los resultados enfatizan la utilidad del componente P300 para el estudio de sus correlatos ejecutivos, y la necesidad de ampliar con estudios que aporten mayores muestras y mayor complejidad

Potenciales evocados y funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad

Cognitive evoked potentials (P300) have been core of interest in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research. The identification of its relationship with the most ecological aspects of executive dysfunction involves a link between neurophysiological and functional frames for a better treatment approach and monitoring of the evolution of the disorder. To explore the differences in latency and amplitude of P300 component in Cz, Fz and Pz, between ADHD and no- ADHD children, and to analyze the correlations between variables of P300 and indexes of a measurement of executive functioning at homeLos potenciales evocados cognitivos (P300) han sido centro de interés en el estudio del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). Identificar su relación con los aspectos más ecológicos del déficit ejecutivo supone una conexión entre el ámbito neurofisiológico y funcional para un mejor abordaje del tratamiento y seguimiento de la evolución del trastorno. Explorar las diferencias en latencia y amplitud del componente P300 entre un grupo de niños con TDAH y un grupo de controles sin TDAH, y examinar las correlaciones entre las variables del P300 y los índices de una medida de funcionamiento ejecutivo en el hogar

Eficacia de las intervenciones farmacológicas en el tratamiento de la hiperactividad.

El presente estudio trata de sintetizar, integrar y discutir los principales resultados constatados en la investigación con respecto a la eficacia de las intervenciones farmacológicas más frecuentemente utilizadas en el tratamiento de la hiperactividad. Este trabajo constituye la primera parte de un estudio más amplio basado en una selectiva revisión y análisis cualitativo de la literatura publicada sobre este tópico en los últimos siete años. Junto a la metodología empleada se ofrece una descripción general de los estudios incluidos en el análisis, así como de las muestras utilizadas. El trabajo evalúa la eficacia de las terapias farmacológicas en el tratamiento de la hiperactividad. Tomando como referencia las técnicas de investigación meta-analítica se realizó un análisis de terapéuticas de la hiperactividad evaluadas a través de estudios experimentales o cuasi-experimentales de investigación, centrado en sujetos (tamaño de las muestras, composición, fuentes de remisión y criterios diagnósticos) y procedimientos terapéuticos (naturaleza, intensidad y duración de los tratamientos), con el fin de determinar qué tipo de intervenciones son más eficaces y qué tipo de variables o factores pueden estar modulando los resultados del tratamiento. El trabajo ayuda a decidir con qué tipo de intervención y con qué intensidad podrían lograrse los máximos beneficios terapéuticos y descubre aspectos o componentes relacionados con la eficacia de las intervenciones. Los resultados demuestran que las medicaciones psicoestimulantes producen cambios positivos en el plano conductual, cognitivo y académico, con pocas reacciones adversas, aunque el éxito final puede depender de la implementación de intervenciones psicológicas alternativas. Síntomas como la inquietud y la inatención pueden disminuir significativamente con los psicoestimulantes; los problemas relacionados con el control de impulsos y la escasa competencia social pueden manejarse también con medicación y estrategias conductuales y cognitivas; el bajo rendimiento académico de los escolares con ADHD puede requerir de programas específicos de apoyo psicopedagógico. Las conclusiones relativas a los tratamientos psicológicos y combinados (psicológicos y farmacológicos) quedan recogidas en un trabajo complementario. El solicitante participó en la dirección del trabajo, en la realización de los análisis, y en la redacción del artículo

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Perceived environment in relation to objective and self-reported physical activity in Spanish youth. The UP&DOWN study

The aims of the present study were to assess the association of environmental perception with objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) and the relation between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations on children and adolescents. A sample of 1520 youth (770 boys) aged 8-18 years (12.1 ± 2.5 years) from the UP&DOWN study were included in the data analyses. Environmental perception was assessed with the short adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. PA was objectively (accelerometers) and self-reported measured (PA Questionnaire for Children, Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Questionnaire and Finnish PA Index). Linear regression models were used to assess the association of environmental perception with PA. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to assess differences between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations. Environmental perception was positively associated with both objective and self-reported PA. Some differences were found in the association of environmental perception and PA between sex-and age-specific groups. Youth who perceived a more favourable environment were more likely to meet PA recommendations (at least 60 min · day− 1 of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)). Results suggest that environmental perceptions of children and adolescents may play an important role in achieving higher levels of PA.Plan Nacional de I+D+I MICINN (DEP 2010-21662-C04- 00)2.539 JCR (2016) Q2, 17/81 Sport Sciences1.280 SJR (2016) Q1, 31/280 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 18/195 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 29/127 Sports ScienceNo data IDR 2016UE

EORTC phase II study of daily oral linomide in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with good prognostic factors

Following a previous EORTC GU-Group study, in which linomide showed some activity in poor prognosis patients, this study was initiated to determine the effect of linomide in more favourable patients. 35 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with good prognostic factors, i.e. good performance status, prior nephrectomy, no prior systemic therapy, and no liver, bone or brain metastases, were treated with linomide, a quinoline derivative with immunomodulating properties, at a dose of 10 mg daily, after an initial dose escalation during the first 4 weeks of treatment. In 29 evaluable patients, no responses were observed (95% confidence interval 0-10%). Best overall response was no change in 9 patients, for a median duration of 4 months. Linomide in this schedule was poorly tolerated, with 17% (6 patients) of patients being withdrawn and 23% (8 patients) having dose reductions due to adverse events, mostly influenza-like symptoms of myalgia, arthralgia and fatigue. Several cases of pericarditis and neuropathy were observed. In spite of selection of favourable prognosis patients and an optimal daily dosing schedule, linomide was not an effective treatment in renal cell carcinoma. In view of toxicity and lack of efficacy, there is no rationale in further testing the drug in this disease. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

Comparison of HapMap and 1000 Genomes Reference Panels in a Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Study

An increasing number of genome-wide association (GWA) studies are now using the higher resolution 1000 Genomes Project reference panel (1000G) for imputation, with the expectation that 1000G imputation will lead to the discovery of additional associated loci when compared to HapMap imputation. In order to assess the improvement of 1000G over HapMap imputation in identifying associated loci, we compared the results of GWA studies of circulating fibrinogen based on the two reference panels. Using both HapMap and 1000G imputation we performed a meta-analysis of 22 studies comprising the same 91,953 individuals. We identified six additional signals using 1000G imputation, while 29 loci were associated using both HapMap and 1000G imputation. One locus identified using HapMap imputation was not significant using 1000G imputation. The genome-wide significance threshold of 5×10-8 is based on the number of independent statistical tests using HapMap imputation, and 1000G imputation may lead to further independent tests that should be corrected for. When using a stricter Bonferroni correction for the 1000G GWA study (P-value &lt; 2.5×10-8), the number of loci significant only using HapMap imputation increased to 4 while the number of loci significant only using 1000G decreased to 5. In conclusion, 1000G imputation enabled the identification of 20% more loci than HapMap imputation, although the advantage of 1000G imputation became less clear when a stricter Bonferroni correction was used. More generally, our results provide insights that are applicable to the implementation of other dense reference panels that are under development