Estimating albacore movement rates between the North Atlantic and the Mediterraneal from conventional tagging data

A tag attrition model is fit to albacore tag-recapture data in order to estimate albacore movement rates between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The estimated transfer rate from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean is not significantly different from zero, and the estimated annual transfer rate in the opposite direction, under the assumptions of the same catchability and reporting rates is 5,49%. Sensitivity tests to assumed reporting rates and relative catchabilities are performed, and observed lower recovery rates in the Mediterranean may suggest either a lower catchability or reporting rate in this area, that would give an even lower estimate of the transfer rate, which is also supported by information from later tag recaptures of fish tagged in the Mediterranean. The small impact of these transfer rates on stock assessment is discussed and a preliminary assessment of the amount of tagged fish needed in order to get accurate and precise estimates of these low transfer rates is also done by simulating different tagging scenarios.Un modèle de déperdition des marques est ajusté aux données de marquage-recapture du germon afin d’estimer les taux de déplacement du germon entre l’Atlantique et la Méditerranée. Le taux de transfert estimé de l’Atlantique à la Méditerranée n’est pas sensiblement différent de zéro, et le taux de transfert annuel estimé dans la direction opposée, en prenant comme postulat une capturabilité et des taux de soumission de données identiques, s’élève à 5,49%. On a réalisé des tests de sensibilité aux taux de soumission de données supposés et à la capturabilité relative. Les taux de récupération inférieurs observés en Méditerranée suggèrent éventuellement une capturabilité ou un taux de soumission de données plus faible dans cette zone, ce qui donnerait une estimation encore plus faible du taux de transfert. Cela est également appuyé par des informations provenant de récupérations tardives de marques de poissons marqués en Méditerranée. Le faible impact de ces taux de transfert sur l’évaluation du stock est discuté et une évaluation préliminaire du volume de poissons marqués nécessaire pour obtenir des estimations exactes et précises de ces faibles taux de transfert est également réalisée en simulant différents scénarios de marquage.Se ajusta un modelo de tasa de pérdida de marcas a los datos de marcado-recuperación de atún blanco con el fin de estimar las tasas de movimiento del atún blanco entre el Atlántico y el Mediterráneo. La tasa de transferencia estimada del Atlántico al Mediterráneo no se diferencia significativamente de cero, y la tasa de transferencia anual estimada en la dirección opuesta, bajo el supuesto de la misma tasa de capturabilidad y comunicación, es de 5,49%. Se realizaron pruebas de sensibilidad de las tasas de comunicación y capturabilidades relativas supuestas, y las tasas de recuperación inferiores observadas en el Mediterráneo pueden sugerir una tasa de capturabilidad o de comunicación más baja en esta zona, lo que proporcionaría una estimación aún más baja de transferencia, que se ve sustentada por la información de recuperaciones de marcas posteriores de peces marcados en el Mediterráneo. Se discute el bajo impacto de estas tasas de transferencia en la evaluación del stock y también se realiza una evaluación preliminar de la cantidad de peces marcados necesarios para obtener estimaciones precisas y exactas de estas bajas tasas de trasferencia mediante una simulación de diferentes escenarios de marcado

Use of lectins to characterise genetic variability and geographic differentiation in natural populations of Thunnus alalunga (Bonn. 1788)

New tools from cell and molecular biology can be used to implement the knowledge of fish biology and fisheries. In this sense, we suggest that the use of lectins can be an understandable procedure to study population structure of fishes. Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of nonimmune origin that agglutinate cells and/or precipitate complex carbohydrates. Several lectins behave like blood group antibodies and can be used as specific gene markers. We characterise blood groups of Thunnus alalunga worldwide populations under a population genetics point of view using lectins. Fishes from several populations of Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans were captured and 5 mL blood was obtained from each fish. Each fish was treated with 8 FITC-labelled lectins. The binding activity of the lectins was detected using a fluorescence assay. Several statistical procedures of populations genetics were employed to analyse genetic variability, geographic differentiation, and genetic distance showing that: i) there is genetic variability within Thunnus alalunga populations, ii) we detect highly significant heterogeneity among populations, and considerable geographic differentiation, iii) Mediterranean population is quite distant of North Atlantic population, iv) North and South Atlantic populations are extremely distant, v) Pacific population is the most distant from the others , vi) Gulf of Guinea and South Atlantic populations are distant, vii) Gulf of Guinea and North Atlantic are proximate, viii) Indian and South Atlantic populations are also proximate.De nouveaux moyens fournis par la biologie cellulaire et moléculaire peuvent servir à appliquer les connaissances sur la biologie et la pêche du poisson. A cet égard, nous suggérons que l'utilisation des lectines peut constituer un processus raisonnable pour étudier la structure des stocks de poisson. Les lectines sont des protéines ou des glycoprotéines d'origine non-immunitaire qui agglutinent les cellules et/ou précipitent les carbohydrates complexes. Plusieurs lectines se comportent comme des anticorps de groupes sanguins et peuvent servir de marqueurs génétiques spécifiques. Nous identifions les groupes sanguins des populations globales de Thunnus alalunga du point de vue de la génétique des populations au moyen de lectines. Des poissons de plusieurs stocks de la Méditerranée, de l'Atlantique, du Pacifique et de l'océan Indien ont été capturés, et 5 ml de leur sang a été prélevé. Chacun de ces poissons a été traité avec des lectines dénommées 8 FITC. L'activité agglutinante des lectines a été détectée au moyen de tests de fluorescence. Plusieurs processus statistiques de génétique des populations ont été employées pour analyser la variabilité générique, la différentiation géographique et l'écartement génétique, d'où: i) il existe une variabilité génétique su sein des populations de Thunnus alalunga, ii) nous détectons un degré très significatif d'hétérogénéité entre les populations, et une différentiation géographique considérable, iii) la population méditerranéenne se démarque assez de la population nordatlantique, iv) les populations du nord et du sud de l'Atlantique sont extrêmement distinctes, v) la population du Pacifique est celle qui se différencie le plus des autres, vi) les populations du golfe de Guinée et de l'Atlantique sud sont distinctes, vii) les populations du golfe de Guinée et de l'Atlantique nord sont proches, viii) les populations de l'océan Indien et de l'Atlantique sud sont également proches.Las nuevas herramientas de biología molecular y celular se pueden utilizar para implementar el conocimiento de la biología de los peces y de la pesca. En este sentido, proponemos la utilización de lectinas como procedimiento comprensible para estudiar la estructura de población de los peces. Las lectinas son proteínas o glucoproteínas de origen no inmune que aglutinan células o precipitan carbohidratos complejos. Muchas lectinas se comportan como anticuerpos de grupos sanguíneos y pueden utilizarse como marcadores genéticos específicos. Hemos identificado grupos sanguíneos de poblaciones de Thunnus alalunga de todo el mundo desde el punto de vista de genética de poblaciones mediante lectinas. Se capturaron peces de varias poblaciones del mar Mediterráneo y de los océanos Atlántico, Pacífico e Índico y se les extrajo 5 mL de sangre a cada uno. Se trató a cada pez con lectinas marcadas con FITC 8. La actividad aglutinante de la lectina se detectó utilizando fluorimetrías. Se emplearon varios procedimientos estadísticos de genética de poblaciones para analizar la variabilidad genética, diferenciación geográfica y distancia genética, que mostraron que: i) existe una variabilidad genética dentro de las poblaciones de Thunnus alalunga; ii) detectamos una heterogeneidad muy significativa entre las poblaciones y una considerable diferenciación geográfica; iii) la población mediterránea se distancia bastante de la población del Atlántico Norte, iv) las poblaciones del Atlántico norte y sur son extremadamente distantes; v) La población del Pacífico es la que presenta una mayor distancia con respecto a las demás; vi) las poblaciones del Atlántico Sur y del Golfo de Guinea son distantes; vii) las poblaciones del Golfo de Guinea y el Atlántico norte son próximas; viii) las poblaciones del Índico y el Atlántico sur también son próximas

Study on the migrations and stock structure of Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea based on conventional tag release-recapture experiences

In this paper a study on the migrations of albacore from the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea is made, based on the information from conventional tag release-recapture experiences. Information on 643 recaptured fish from a total of 23,777 tagged fish has been analyzed. This information highlights the long distance movements of albacore, their transoceanic migrations and the possibility of an interchange of fish between the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean.Le présent document fait état d'une étude sur les migrations du germon de l'Atlantique nord et de la Méditerranée, d'après des informations provenant d'expériences de marquage et de recapture avec marques conventionnelles. L'information correspondant à 643 poissons recapturés sur un total de 23.777 poissons marqués a été analysée. Cette information révèle les déplacements du germon sur de grandes distances, ses migrations transocéaniques et l'éventualité d'échanges de poissons entre l'Atlantique nord et la Méditerranée.En este documento se hace un estudio de las migraciones del atún blanco del Atlántico norte y Mediterráneo en base a las informaciones procedentes de las experiencias de marcado-recaptura convencionales. Se ha analizado la información procedente de 643 peces recapturados de un total de 23.777 peces marcados. Con esta información se ponen de manifiesto los grandes movimientos del atún blanco, sus desplazamientos transoceánicos y la posibilidad de intercambio de peces entre el Atlántico norte y el Mediterráneo

The stellar populations of spiral disks.II Measuring and modeling the radial distribution of absorption spectral indices

The radial distributions of the Mg2 and Fe5270 Lick spectral indices have been measured to large radial distances on the disks of NGC 4303 and NGC 4535 using an imaging technique based on interference filters. These data, added to those of NGC 4321 previously published in Paper I of this series are used to constraint chemical (multiphase) evolutionary models for these galaxies. Because the integrated light of a stellar disk is a time average over the history of the galaxy weighted by the star formation rate, these constraints complement the information on chemical gradients provided by the study of HII regions which, by themselves, can only provide the alpha-elements abundance accumulate over the life of the galaxy. The agreement between the observations and the model predictions shown here lends confidence to the models which are then used to describe the time evolution of galaxy parameters such as star formation rates, chemical gradients, and gradients in the mean age of the stellar population.Comment: to be published in Astrophysical Journa

La estimación de proporciones mediante técnicas Bayesianas

The estimation procedures based on Bayes' Theorem are still an unusual option in many of the environments of classic parametric inference. The aim of this paper is to show an effective scheme for the use of Bayesian estimation of unknown parameters. We have opted to focus on the estimation of parameters under the assumption of a binomial model, so that it can be followed by all those situations that meet the aforementioned probabilistic model. This approximation was studied in comparison with the classic parametric approximation, both in its point version and by means of interval estimation. On a study, by simulating samples of several sizes, we obtained empirical evidence regarding the advantage of the Bayesian procedure.ResumenLos procedimientos de estimación basados en el teorema de Bayes son inusuales en los diferentes ámbitos de aplicación de la inferencia paramétrica clásica. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un esquema para la estimación bayesiana de parámetros bajo los supuestos de un modelo binomial. El procedimiento Bayes se estudia en comparación con la aproximación paramétrica cl??sica, ambas opciones, en su versión puntual y mediante intervalos de estimación. Se presenta también un estudio de simulación con diferentes tamaños muestrales en el que se ponen de manifiesto las ventajas del procedimiento bayesiano.AbstractThe estimation procedures based on Bayes' Theorem are still an unusual option in many of the environments of classic parametric inference. The aim of this paper is to show an effective scheme for the use of Bayesian estimation of unknown parameters. We have opted to focus on the estimation of parameters under the assumption of a binomial model, so that it can be followed by all those situations that meet the aforementioned probabilistic model. This approximation was studied in comparison with the classic parametric approximation, both in its point version and by means of interval estimation. On a study, by simulating samples of several sizes, we obtained empirical evidence regarding the advantage of the Bayesian procedure

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio