Republikanische Personennamen. Eine anthroponymische Studie zur Französischen Revolution

Cette volumineuse thèse porte sur les prénoms révolutionnaires en France. Elle est le premier vaste essai sur le phénomène, embrassant tout le phénomène autant que faire se peut : l’on doit donc saluer le remarquable effort de l’auteur. L’ouvrage est constitué de six parties dont : 1.Wege zu einer republikanischen Namenphilosophie [1-61] 2.Untersuchung des Namenmaterials [62-343] 3.Datenauswertungen [344-382] 4.Pflicht zur Namenfreiheit [383-400] 5.Ausklang einer kulturellen Revolution [401-4..

Republikanische Personennamen. Eine anthroponymische Studie zur Französischen Revolution

Cette volumineuse thèse porte sur les prénoms révolutionnaires en France. Elle est le premier vaste essai sur le phénomène, embrassant tout le phénomène autant que faire se peut : l’on doit donc saluer le remarquable effort de l’auteur. L’ouvrage est constitué de six parties dont : 1.Wege zu einer republikanischen Namenphilosophie [1-61] 2.Untersuchung des Namenmaterials [62-343] 3.Datenauswertungen [344-382] 4.Pflicht zur Namenfreiheit [383-400] 5.Ausklang einer kulturellen Revolution [401-4..

Des prénoms révolutionnaires en France

Les études sur les prénoms dits révolutionnaires apparaissent souvent comme monolithiques. L’essence du nom est plurielle et exige de porter un regard aigu sur ce tout ce qui entoure la nomination des individus et le nom même. La motivation du choix mais aussi du nom n’est pas unique. L’ambiguïté règne en maître et le nommant en use plus ou moins consciemment. Dès lors, c’est la définition du “prénom révolutionnaire” qui est remise en cause.Revolutionary First Names in France.Studies on so-called revolutionary first names often appear monolithic. A name is essentially plural and requires a keen look at the circumstances surrounding the naming of an individual and the name itself. The motivation behind a choice and a name is never straightforward. Ambiguity reigns supreme and the chooser acts more or less consciously. This calls into question the very definition of a « revolutionary first name »

Les prénoms révolutionnaires Bibliographie

GénéralitésA. Aulard, « Les prénoms et la loi », Rev. française, LXIV, 67-69. R. Bange, « Jean ou Pierre Marie Le nombre de prénoms considéré comme un indicateur des convictions religieuses », Mélanges Michel Vovelle, Paris, 1997, 75-86.– « Les prénoms de l’anII. Quand nos ancêtres appelaient leurs enfants Brutus Vendéen et Marie Ça ira », La France généalogique, 193, 1996, 22-25. Y. et A. Benoist, « Les prénoms des Conventionnels », Du Passé au présent, 1989, 32-46. S. Bianchi, La révolution..

Les prénoms révolutionnaires Bibliographie

GénéralitésA. Aulard, « Les prénoms et la loi », Rev. française, LXIV, 67-69. R. Bange, « Jean ou Pierre Marie Le nombre de prénoms considéré comme un indicateur des convictions religieuses », Mélanges Michel Vovelle, Paris, 1997, 75-86.– « Les prénoms de l’anII. Quand nos ancêtres appelaient leurs enfants Brutus Vendéen et Marie Ça ira », La France généalogique, 193, 1996, 22-25. Y. et A. Benoist, « Les prénoms des Conventionnels », Du Passé au présent, 1989, 32-46. S. Bianchi, La révolution..

The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer Book 2018

(Abridged) This is the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer 2018 book. It is intended as a concise reference guide to all aspects of the scientific and technical design of MSE, for the international astronomy and engineering communities, and related agencies. The current version is a status report of MSE's science goals and their practical implementation, following the System Conceptual Design Review, held in January 2018. MSE is a planned 10-m class, wide-field, optical and near-infrared facility, designed to enable transformative science, while filling a critical missing gap in the emerging international network of large-scale astronomical facilities. MSE is completely dedicated to multi-object spectroscopy of samples of between thousands and millions of astrophysical objects. It will lead the world in this arena, due to its unique design capabilities: it will boast a large (11.25 m) aperture and wide (1.52 sq. degree) field of view; it will have the capabilities to observe at a wide range of spectral resolutions, from R2500 to R40,000, with massive multiplexing (4332 spectra per exposure, with all spectral resolutions available at all times), and an on-target observing efficiency of more than 80%. MSE will unveil the composition and dynamics of the faint Universe and is designed to excel at precision studies of faint astrophysical phenomena. It will also provide critical follow-up for multi-wavelength imaging surveys, such as those of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Gaia, Euclid, the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, the Square Kilometre Array, and the Next Generation Very Large Array.Comment: 5 chapters, 160 pages, 107 figure

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Paul Fabre, Diagonalement vôtre, 2001

Billy Pierre-Henri. Paul Fabre, Diagonalement vôtre, 2001. In: Nouvelle revue d'onomastique, n°39-40, 2002. pp. 366-367