Americans do not select their doctors based on race

To what extent do Americans racially discriminate against doctors? While a large literature shows that racial biases pervade the American healthcare system, there has been no systematic examination of these biases in terms of who patients select for medical treatment. We examine this question in the context of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, where a wealth of qualitative evidence suggests that discrimination against some historically marginalized communities, particularly Asians, has increased throughout the United States. Conducting a well-powered conjoint experiment with a national sample of 1,498 Americans, we find that respondents do not, on average, discriminate against Asian or doctors from other systematically minoritized groups. We also find no consistent evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity; Americans of all types appear not to care about the racial identity of their doctor, at least in our study. This finding has important implications for the potential limits of American prejudice

Tubular catalytic polyHIPE reactor with deposited silver nanoplate nanoparticles

Continuously operating heterogeneous catalytic reactors are an important step towards more efficient and controllable processes compared to batch operation. Ideally, reactors should exhibit high permeability with the catalyst having a high surface area to volume ratio to minimize the required amount. An example of such catalyst morphology are nanoparticles with a plate-like morphology. In this work, the catalytic reactor was prepared by depositing plate-like silver nanoparticles on positively charged high internal phase emulsion monoliths by exploiting their negative zeta potential. The silver nanoplates had an edge length of 63 nm and a thickness of 13 nm with a sphericity factor of 0.548. The amount of deposited silver, determined from absorbance measurement and mass difference was 12.5 mg/ml and remained unaffected by the concentration of positively charged groups in the range between 69 and 110 mmol/l, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed approach. The permeability remained unchanged after silver deposition under flow due to the polymer microstructure. The reactor was found to be stable under various elution conditions, even after prolonged catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The specific catalytic activity of silver nanoplates was 428 min−1 g−1, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of silver nanoparticles with cuboctahedra shape and one of the highest reported. The proposed approach can be applied to various types of catalytic nanoparticles by exploiting a variety of possible interactions

Flow-through polyHIPE silver-based catalytic reactor

Catalytic reactors performing continuously are an important step towards more efficient and controllable processes compared to the batch operation mode. For this purpose, homogenous high internal phase emulsion polymer materials with an immobilized silver catalyst were prepared and used as a continuous plug flow reactor. Porous material with epoxide groups was functionalized to bear aldehyde groups which were used to reduce silver ions using Tollens reagent. Investigation of various parameters revealed that the mass of deposited silver depends on the aldehyde concentration as well as the composition of Tollens reagent. Nanoparticles formed on the pore surface showed high crystallinity with a cuboctahedra crystal shape and highly uniform surface coverage. The example of the 4-nitrophenol catalytic reduction in a continuous process was studied and demonstrated to be dependent on the mass of deposited silver. Furthermore, productivity increased with the volumetric silver density and flow rate, and it was preserved during prolonged usage and storage

Table_1_Americans do not select their doctors based on race.docx

To what extent do Americans racially discriminate against doctors? While a large literature shows that racial biases pervade the American healthcare system, there has been no systematic examination of these biases in terms of who patients select for medical treatment. We examine this question in the context of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, where a wealth of qualitative evidence suggests that discrimination against some historically marginalized communities, particularly Asians, has increased throughout the United States. Conducting a well-powered conjoint experiment with a national sample of 1,498 Americans, we find that respondents do not, on average, discriminate against Asian or doctors from other systematically minoritized groups. We also find no consistent evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity; Americans of all types appear not to care about the racial identity of their doctor, at least in our study. This finding has important implications for the potential limits of American prejudice.</p

Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma

We describe the landscape of genomic alterations in cutaneous melanomas through DNA, RNA, and protein-based analysis of 333 primary and/or metastatic melanomas from 331 patients. We establish a framework for genomic classification into one of four sub-types based on the pattern of the most prevalent significantly mutated genes: mutant BRAF, mutant RAS, mutant NF1, and Triple-WT (wild-type). Integrative analysis reveals enrichment of KIT mutations and focal amplifications and complex structural rearrangements as a feature of the Triple-WT subtype. We found no significant outcome correlation with genomic classification, but samples assigned a transcriptomic subclass enriched for immune gene expression associated with lymphocyte infiltrate on pathology review and high LCK protein expression, a T cell marker, were associated with improved patient survival. This clinicopathological and multidimensional analysis suggests that the prognosis of melanoma patients with regional metastases is influenced by tumor stroma immunobiology, offering insights to further personalize therapeutic decision-makingclose3