128 research outputs found

    Exploring a Geographical Dataset with GEOLIS

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    International audienceGeographical data are mainly structured in layers of information. However, this model of organisation is not convenient for navigation inside a dataset, and so limits geographical data exploration to querying. We think information retrieval could be made easier in GIS by the introduction of a navigation based on geographical object properties. For this purpose, we propose a prototype, GEOLIS1, which tightly combines querying and navigation in the search process of geographical data. GEOLIS relies on Logical Information Systems (LIS), which are based on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and logics. In this paper, we detail data organisation and navigation process in GEOLIS. We also present the results of an experimentation led on a real dataset

    GEOLIS: A Logical Information System for Geographical Data

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    International audienceToday, the thematic layer is still the prevailling structure in geomatics for handling geographical information. However, the layer model is rigid: it implies partitionning geographical data in predefined categories and using the same description schema for all elements of a layer. Recently, Logical Information Systems (LIS) introduced a new paradigm for information management and retrieval. Using LIS, we propose a more flexible organisation of vectorial geographical data at a thiner level since it is centered on the geographical feature. LIS do not rely on a hierarchical organisation of information, and enable to tightly combine querying and navigation. In this article, we present the use of LIS to handle geographical data. In particular, we detail a data model for geographical features and the corresponding querying and navigation model. These models have been implemented in the GEOLIS prototype, which has been used to lead experiments on real data

    Représentations graphiques et indicateurs des mobilités et des dynamiques de peuplement : contribution bibliographique

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    La Base Endnote sera adressĂ©e Ă  toute personne en faisant la demande auprĂšs de Françoise Dureau : [email protected] main goal of the MOBIDYC research project (Mobilities and population movement: graphics and indicators) was to contribute to the definition of processing sequences that integrate both temporal and spatial dimensions of information related to spatial mobility (be it migration, residential mobility or daily mobility). Workshops were held on a quarterly basis to bring team members together. Between meetings, members worked separately on their own datasets. A first workshop was dedicated to the sharing of experience from previous work by members of the team. Then we focused on inventorying other experiences through bibliographic research. The aim of this article is to make the results of this research available to the scientific community. After stating the whys and hows of the collection of this bibliographic corpus, we present the material in the appendix: an Endnote set of references, along with a descriptive table synthesizing the content of these references. Finally, we present the main lessons we have learned through the analysis of this bibliographic corpus and from tests we carried out based on the methods described in the literature.L'objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral du projet MOBIDYC (MobilitĂ©s et dynamiques de peuplement : reprĂ©sentations graphiques et production d'indicateurs) Ă©tait d'avancer dans la dĂ©finition de chaĂźnes de traitement de l'information sur les mobilitĂ©s spatiales (biographies migratoires et rĂ©sidentielles, trajectoires de mobilitĂ© quotidienne) intĂ©grant les deux dimensions, temporelles et spatiales, de l'information. La mĂ©thode de travail a consistĂ© en un atelier rĂ©unissant les membres de l'Ă©quipe Ă  un rythme trimestriel ; entre les sĂ©ances de l'atelier, les chercheurs impliquĂ©s dans le projet ont travaillĂ© en parallĂšle sur leurs corpus de donnĂ©es respectifs. AprĂšs une premiĂšre Ă©tape consacrĂ©e Ă  la mutualisation de nos expĂ©riences respectives, l'accent a Ă©tĂ© mis sur la recherche bibliographique et la recension des expĂ©riences dans le champ du projet. L'objectif de cet article est de mettre Ă  disposition de la communautĂ© scientifique le rĂ©sultat de ce travail bibliographique. AprĂšs avoir rappelĂ© les objectifs et conditions de rĂ©alisation de la base de donnĂ©es bibliographiques, nous prĂ©sentons les informations mises Ă  disposition en annexes de cet article : tableau de description synthĂ©tique des rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiques, et la base Endnote des rĂ©fĂ©rences . Enfin, nous livrons les principaux enseignements que nous avons tirĂ©s de l'analyse de ce corpus bibliographique, et des tests effectuĂ©s Ă  partir des mĂ©thodes identifiĂ©es dans la littĂ©rature

    BDNF overexpression in mouse hippocampal astrocytes promotes local neurogenesis and elicits anxiolytic-like activities.

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    The therapeutic activity of selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) relies on long-term adaptation at pre- and post-synaptic levels. The sustained administration of SSRIs increases the serotonergic neurotransmission in response to a functional desensitization of the inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptor in the dorsal raphe. At nerve terminal such as the hippocampus, the enhancement of 5-HT availability increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis and signaling, a major event in the stimulation of adult neurogenesis. In physiological conditions, BDNF would be expressed at functionally relevant levels in neurons. However, the recent observation that SSRIs upregulate BDNF mRNA in primary cultures of astrocytes strongly suggest that the therapeutic activity of antidepressant drugs might result from an increase in BDNF synthesis in this cell type. In this study, by overexpressing BDNF in astrocytes, we balanced the ratio between astrocytic and neuronal BDNF raising the possibility that such manipulation could positively reverberate on anxiolytic-/antidepressant-like activities in transfected mice. Our results indicate that BDNF overexpression in hippocampal astrocytes produced anxiolytic-/antidepressant-like activity in the novelty suppressed feeding in relation with the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis whereas it did not potentiate the effects of the SSRI fluoxetine on these parameters. Moreover, overexpressing BDNF revealed the anxiolytic-like activity of fluoxetine in the elevated plus maze while attenuating 5-HT neurotransmission in response to a blunted downregulation of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor. These results emphasize an original role of hippocampal astrocytes in the synthesis of BDNF, which can act through neurogenesis-dependent and -independent mechanisms to regulate different facets of anxiolytic-like responses

    Drug Design for CNS Diseases: Polypharmacological Profiling of Compounds Using Cheminformatic, 3D-QSAR and Virtual Screening Methodologies.

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    HIGHLIGHTS Many CNS targets are being explored for multi-target drug designNew databases and cheminformatic methods enable prediction of primary pharmaceutical target and off-targets of compoundsQSAR, virtual screening and docking methods increase the potential of rational drug design The diverse cerebral mechanisms implicated in Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases together with the heterogeneous and overlapping nature of phenotypes indicated that multitarget strategies may be appropriate for the improved treatment of complex brain diseases. Understanding how the neurotransmitter systems interact is also important in optimizing therapeutic strategies. Pharmacological intervention on one target will often influence another one, such as the well-established serotonin-dopamine interaction or the dopamine-glutamate interaction. It is now accepted that drug action can involve plural targets and that polypharmacological interaction with multiple targets, to address disease in more subtle and effective ways, is a key concept for development of novel drug candidates against complex CNS diseases. A multi-target therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease resulted in the development of very effective Multi-Target Designed Ligands (MTDL) that act on both the cholinergic and monoaminergic systems, and also retard the progression of neurodegeneration by inhibiting amyloid aggregation. Many compounds already in databases have been investigated as ligands for multiple targets in drug-discovery programs. A probabilistic method, the Parzen-Rosenblatt Window approach, was used to build a "predictor" model using data collected from the ChEMBL database. The model can be used to predict both the primary pharmaceutical target and off-targets of a compound based on its structure. Several multi-target ligands were selected for further study, as compounds with possible additional beneficial pharmacological activities. Based on all these findings, it is concluded that multipotent ligands targeting AChE/MAO-A/MAO-B and also D1-R/D2-R/5-HT2A -R/H3-R are promising novel drug candidates with improved efficacy and beneficial neuroleptic and procognitive activities in treatment of Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative diseases. Structural information for drug targets permits docking and virtual screening and exploration of the molecular determinants of binding, hence facilitating the design of multi-targeted drugs. The crystal structures and models of enzymes of the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems have been used to investigate the structural origins of target selectivity and to identify molecular determinants, in order to design MTDLs

    Relations astrocytes-neurones et mécanismes d'action des inhibiteurs sélectifs de recapture de la sérotonine : rÎle du BDNF et des récepteurs 5-HT2A

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    Growing evidence demonstrates that astrocytes could play a crucial role in the pathophysiologies of anxiety and depression as well as in the therapeutic activity of antidepressant drugs. Indeed, in vitro studies suggest that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) stimulate the synthesis of neuroactive substances by these glial cells which are necessary for the proliferation and maturation of neuronal progenitors but also for the maintenance of the neuronal survival. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of these substances, but its cellular origin has yet to be demonstrated in embedded systems such as living animals. In this context, the first part of this thesis was aimed at clarifying whether astrocytes constitute a source of BDNF in response to the chronic administration of the SSRI, fluoxetine, in both naive and anxio-depressive mice exposed to corticosterone (" CORT" model). In this prospect, we used a novel and efficient gene transfer strategy inducing BDNF overexpression specifically in the astrocytes of the hippocampus. Our results indicated that BDNF overexpression produced anxiolytic-/antidepressant-like activity in the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm in relation with the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in naive mice but not in the CORT model. We also showed that BDNF could act on astrocytes themselves (autocrine mechanism) to improve the hippocampal astrocytic network but also on the pre-synaptic serotonergic nerve terminals (paracrine mechanism) to limit the local serotonin release. Different arguments from the literature suggest that the latter mechanism may be favorable to an anxiolytic-like activity of fluoxetine. Given that astrocytes express at the surface a variety of serotonin receptors, we then raised the possibility that the 5-HT2A receptor subtype may be a key element in the synthesis and/or release of BDNF and thereby modulating the vulnerability to depression and/or the response of fluoxetine. In the second part of this thesis, a genetic approach with mutant mice constitutively lacking the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A-/-) was applied. In contrast to Lenti-BDNF mice, we showed that 5-HT2A-/- mice were more prone to develop anxio-depressive-like symptoms in response to the chronic exposure to corticosterone. Moreover, these mutants were resistant to the chronic administration of fluoxetine compared to 5-HT2A+/+ wild type mice. In order to clarify the mechanism underpinning these observations, we demonstrated that the inactivation of the 5-HT2A receptor was associated with a hypersensitivity of a negative feedback exerted by the somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors on serotonergic tone.Together these data suggest that astrocytes act in concert with neurons to regulate mood and antidepressant drug response, notably through the synthesis and/or release of BDNF following the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. More generally, our results illustrate the concept of the tripartite synapse in which the bidirectional communication between astrocytes and monoaminergic neurons would be essential in the regulation of higher brain functions.Les astrocytes joueraient un rĂŽle central dans la physiopathologie des troubles anxio-dĂ©pressifs et dans l’activitĂ© thĂ©rapeutique des antidĂ©presseurs. En effet, diffĂ©rentes Ă©tudes in vitro suggĂšrent que les inhibiteurs sĂ©lectifs de recapture de la sĂ©rotonine (ISRS) stimulent la synthĂšse de substances neuroactives par ces cellules gliales nĂ©cessaires Ă  la prolifĂ©ration, la maturation et la survie neuronale mais Ă©galement au maintien de la plasticitĂ© synaptique. Le Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) fait partie de ces substances mais son origine, notamment astrocytaire, doit encore ĂȘtre dĂ©montrĂ©e dans les systĂšmes intĂ©grĂ©s tel que l’animal vivant. A partir de ce constat, dans une premiĂšre partie de ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons donc voulu prĂ©ciser si les astrocytes constituent une source cellulaire participant Ă  la synthĂšse et/ou Ă  la libĂ©ration de BDNF en rĂ©ponse Ă  l’administration prolongĂ©e d’un ISRS, la fluoxĂ©tine d’une part chez des souris naĂŻves et d’autre part chez des souris exposĂ©es Ă  la corticostĂ©rone pendant plusieurs semaines (modĂšle « CORT »). Pour cela, nous avons utilisĂ© une stratĂ©gie de transfection virale induisant la surexpression de BDNF spĂ©cifiquement dans les astrocytes de l'hippocampe. Nos rĂ©sultats mettent en lumiĂšre que cette surexpression provoque des effets de types anxiolytiques-antidĂ©presseurs dĂ©pendant de la neurogenĂšse hippocampique chez des souris naĂŻves soumises au test d’hypophagie induite par la nouveautĂ© mais pas dans le modĂšle CORT. Nous avons Ă©galement mis en Ă©vidence que le BDNF pouvait agir en retour sur les cellules qui l’ont libĂ©rĂ© pour renforcer le rĂ©seau astrocytaire (mĂ©canisme autocrine) mais Ă©galement sur les neurones sĂ©rotoninergiques prĂ©-synaptiques (mĂ©canisme paracrine) pour exercer un frein sur la libĂ©ration de sĂ©rotonine dans l’hippocampe. DiffĂ©rents arguments de la littĂ©rature suggĂšrent d’ailleurs que ce dernier mĂ©canisme pourrait ĂȘtre favorable Ă  l’activitĂ© anxiolytique de la fluoxĂ©tine tel que nous l’avons observĂ© dans ce travail. Sachant que les astrocytes expriment Ă  leur surface, une grande variĂ©tĂ© de rĂ©cepteurs sĂ©rotoninergiques, nous nous sommes ensuite intĂ©ressĂ© Ă  la possibilitĂ© que le sous-type de rĂ©cepteur 5-HT2A pourrait ĂȘtre un Ă©lĂ©ment clĂ© dans la synthĂšse et/ou la libĂ©ration de BDNF et de ce fait moduler la rĂ©ponse au stress et celle Ă  la fluoxĂ©tine. Lors de cette seconde Ă©tude nous avons appliquĂ© une approche gĂ©nĂ©tique utilisant des souris mutĂ©es, privĂ©es de maniĂšre constitutive du rĂ©cepteur 5-HT2A (5-HT2A-/-). A l’opposĂ© de la surexpression de BDNF dans les astrocytes, nous avons montrĂ© que les souris 5-HT2A-/- sont plus sensibles au stress, modĂ©lisĂ© par l’exposition chronique Ă  la corticostĂ©rone, et semblent rĂ©sistantes Ă  la fluoxĂ©tine comparĂ©es aux souris 5-HT2A+/+. Afin de prĂ©ciser le mĂ©canisme pouvant rendre compte de ces observations, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence que l’inactivation du rĂ©cepteur 5-HT2A s’accompagne d’une hypersensibilitĂ© du frein inhibiteur exercĂ© par les autorĂ©cepteurs 5-HT1A somatodendritiques sur le tonus sĂ©rotoninergique

    Astrocyte-neuron relationships in the mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors : the role of BDNF and 5-HT2A receptor

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    Les astrocytes joueraient un rĂŽle central dans la physiopathologie des troubles anxio-dĂ©pressifs et dans l’activitĂ© thĂ©rapeutique des antidĂ©presseurs. En effet, diffĂ©rentes Ă©tudes in vitro suggĂšrent que les inhibiteurs sĂ©lectifs de recapture de la sĂ©rotonine (ISRS) stimulent la synthĂšse de substances neuroactives par ces cellules gliales nĂ©cessaires Ă  la prolifĂ©ration, la maturation et la survie neuronale mais Ă©galement au maintien de la plasticitĂ© synaptique. Le Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) fait partie de ces substances mais son origine, notamment astrocytaire, doit encore ĂȘtre dĂ©montrĂ©e dans les systĂšmes intĂ©grĂ©s tel que l’animal vivant. A partir de ce constat, dans une premiĂšre partie de ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons donc voulu prĂ©ciser si les astrocytes constituent une source cellulaire participant Ă  la synthĂšse et/ou Ă  la libĂ©ration de BDNF en rĂ©ponse Ă  l’administration prolongĂ©e d’un ISRS, la fluoxĂ©tine d’une part chez des souris naĂŻves et d’autre part chez des souris exposĂ©es Ă  la corticostĂ©rone pendant plusieurs semaines (modĂšle « CORT »). Pour cela, nous avons utilisĂ© une stratĂ©gie de transfection virale induisant la surexpression de BDNF spĂ©cifiquement dans les astrocytes de l'hippocampe. Nos rĂ©sultats mettent en lumiĂšre que cette surexpression provoque des effets de types anxiolytiques-antidĂ©presseurs dĂ©pendant de la neurogenĂšse hippocampique chez des souris naĂŻves soumises au test d’hypophagie induite par la nouveautĂ© mais pas dans le modĂšle CORT. Nous avons Ă©galement mis en Ă©vidence que le BDNF pouvait agir en retour sur les cellules qui l’ont libĂ©rĂ© pour renforcer le rĂ©seau astrocytaire (mĂ©canisme autocrine) mais Ă©galement sur les neurones sĂ©rotoninergiques prĂ©-synaptiques (mĂ©canisme paracrine) pour exercer un frein sur la libĂ©ration de sĂ©rotonine dans l’hippocampe. DiffĂ©rents arguments de la littĂ©rature suggĂšrent d’ailleurs que ce dernier mĂ©canisme pourrait ĂȘtre favorable Ă  l’activitĂ© anxiolytique de la fluoxĂ©tine tel que nous l’avons observĂ© dans ce travail. Sachant que les astrocytes expriment Ă  leur surface, une grande variĂ©tĂ© de rĂ©cepteurs sĂ©rotoninergiques, nous nous sommes ensuite intĂ©ressĂ© Ă  la possibilitĂ© que le sous-type de rĂ©cepteur 5-HT2A pourrait ĂȘtre un Ă©lĂ©ment clĂ© dans la synthĂšse et/ou la libĂ©ration de BDNF et de ce fait moduler la rĂ©ponse au stress et celle Ă  la fluoxĂ©tine. Lors de cette seconde Ă©tude nous avons appliquĂ© une approche gĂ©nĂ©tique utilisant des souris mutĂ©es, privĂ©es de maniĂšre constitutive du rĂ©cepteur 5-HT2A (5-HT2A-/-). A l’opposĂ© de la surexpression de BDNF dans les astrocytes, nous avons montrĂ© que les souris 5-HT2A-/- sont plus sensibles au stress, modĂ©lisĂ© par l’exposition chronique Ă  la corticostĂ©rone, et semblent rĂ©sistantes Ă  la fluoxĂ©tine comparĂ©es aux souris 5-HT2A+/+. Afin de prĂ©ciser le mĂ©canisme pouvant rendre compte de ces observations, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence que l’inactivation du rĂ©cepteur 5-HT2A s’accompagne d’une hypersensibilitĂ© du frein inhibiteur exercĂ© par les autorĂ©cepteurs 5-HT1A somatodendritiques sur le tonus sĂ©rotoninergique.Growing evidence demonstrates that astrocytes could play a crucial role in the pathophysiologies of anxiety and depression as well as in the therapeutic activity of antidepressant drugs. Indeed, in vitro studies suggest that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) stimulate the synthesis of neuroactive substances by these glial cells which are necessary for the proliferation and maturation of neuronal progenitors but also for the maintenance of the neuronal survival. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of these substances, but its cellular origin has yet to be demonstrated in embedded systems such as living animals. In this context, the first part of this thesis was aimed at clarifying whether astrocytes constitute a source of BDNF in response to the chronic administration of the SSRI, fluoxetine, in both naive and anxio-depressive mice exposed to corticosterone (" CORT" model). In this prospect, we used a novel and efficient gene transfer strategy inducing BDNF overexpression specifically in the astrocytes of the hippocampus. Our results indicated that BDNF overexpression produced anxiolytic-/antidepressant-like activity in the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm in relation with the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in naive mice but not in the CORT model. We also showed that BDNF could act on astrocytes themselves (autocrine mechanism) to improve the hippocampal astrocytic network but also on the pre-synaptic serotonergic nerve terminals (paracrine mechanism) to limit the local serotonin release. Different arguments from the literature suggest that the latter mechanism may be favorable to an anxiolytic-like activity of fluoxetine. Given that astrocytes express at the surface a variety of serotonin receptors, we then raised the possibility that the 5-HT2A receptor subtype may be a key element in the synthesis and/or release of BDNF and thereby modulating the vulnerability to depression and/or the response of fluoxetine. In the second part of this thesis, a genetic approach with mutant mice constitutively lacking the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A-/-) was applied. In contrast to Lenti-BDNF mice, we showed that 5-HT2A-/- mice were more prone to develop anxio-depressive-like symptoms in response to the chronic exposure to corticosterone. Moreover, these mutants were resistant to the chronic administration of fluoxetine compared to 5-HT2A+/+ wild type mice. In order to clarify the mechanism underpinning these observations, we demonstrated that the inactivation of the 5-HT2A receptor was associated with a hypersensitivity of a negative feedback exerted by the somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors on serotonergic tone.Together these data suggest that astrocytes act in concert with neurons to regulate mood and antidepressant drug response, notably through the synthesis and/or release of BDNF following the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor. More generally, our results illustrate the concept of the tripartite synapse in which the bidirectional communication between astrocytes and monoaminergic neurons would be essential in the regulation of higher brain functions

    Traitement spatial du bruit des transports terrestres

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    The French legislation has clearly recognised the surface transport noise problem. The European Commission has also recently proposed to extend noise reduction field by creating new indicators. Moreover, using the data processing in external acoustics allows to create models of the noise pollution spreading and to carry out noise maps.This research aims at formalizing this new geographical information using by spatial analysis, in order to fully integrate it in town and country planning decision process. It is the result of a research collaboration between the “Centre scientifique et technique du bĂątiment” (CSTB) and SEIGAD laboratory from the UniversitĂ© Joseph Fourier (UJF).A methodological work has allowed to determine the necessary data for the noise propagation calculation, themethod of collecting these data, the spatial and temporal scales of processing and the definition of the territorial vulnerability to noise.On the basis of this conceptual framework, the purpose is to produce a management and assessment tool of noise impacts on the territory. This means the creation of an interface between an external space noise modeling tool named Mithra and a geographical information system.We present two examples to validate this approach of noise impacts. The first one focuses on a tramway project in a dense urban district. The second one deals with the noise impacts problem in a periurban area. For each example, the geographical information relating to the noise exposition level is compared with various approaches of the territorial vulnerability to noise.Le bruit des transports terrestres est un problĂšme clairement reconnu par la lĂ©gislation française. De mĂȘme, la Commission EuropĂ©enne propose actuellement d'Ă©tendre le champ de la lutte contre le bruit en crĂ©ant de nouveaux indicateurs. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de l'informatique en acoustique extĂ©rieure permet de modĂ©liser la propagation des nuisances acoustiques et de rĂ©aliser des cartographies sonores.La prĂ©sente recherche vise Ă  formaliser l'usage de cette nouvelle information gĂ©ographique par l'analyse spatiale, afin de l'intĂ©grer pleinement dans les processus de dĂ©cision en amĂ©nagement du territoire. Elle a pour cadre une collaboration de recherche entre la Centre Scientifique et Technique du BĂątiment (CSTB) et le laboratoire SEIGAD de l'UJF.Un travail mĂ©thodologique a permis d'Ă©valuer les donnĂ©es nĂ©cessaires au calcul de propagation du bruit, les modes d'acquisition de ces donnĂ©es, les Ă©chelles spatiale et temporelle de traitement ainsi que la dĂ©finition de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© du territoire au bruit.Sur la base de cet environnement conceptuel, l'objectif est de produire un outil de gestion et d'Ă©valuation desimpacts du bruit dans le territoire. Pour cela une interface entre un outil de modĂ©lisation du bruit en espace extĂ©rieur nommĂ© Mithra et un systĂšme d'information gĂ©ographique est rĂ©alisĂ©e.Pour valider cette approche de traitement des impacts du bruit, deux maquettes de test sont proposĂ©es. La premiĂšre concerne l'amĂ©nagement d'une ligne de tramway dans un quartier urbain dense. La seconde traite du problĂšme des impacts du bruit dans une zone pĂ©riurbaine. Pour chacune d'elles, l'information gĂ©ographique relative aux niveaux d'exposition sonore est confrontĂ©e Ă  diffĂ©rentes approches de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© du territoire au bruit

    Les nouvelles perspectives d'analyse spatiale des nuisances sonores. Le projet SIGAUR (SystĂšme d'Information GĂ©ographique et Acoustique URbaine)

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    Ce rapport prĂ©sente un projet de recherche sur l’intĂ©gration d’une couche d’information de nuisances acoustiques dans un systĂšme d’information gĂ©ographique.AprĂšs un dĂ©veloppement sur l’état de la pollution et des moyens aujourd’hui en vigueur pour la combattre, on va montrer les nouvelles perspectives offertes pour l’analyse spatiale du bruit. En confrontant cette nuisance aux enjeux du territoire, elle peut devenir un vĂ©ritable critĂšre de dĂ©cision en amĂ©nagement du territoire.Ce projet rĂ©sulte d’une collaboration entre le Centre Scientifique et Technique du BĂątiment C.S.T.B.) et l’équipe " S.I.G. " de l'Institut de GĂ©ographie Alpine (IGA

    De la contusion du testicule et de ses conséquences

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    ThÚse : Médecine : Université de Bordeaux : 1897N° d'ordre : 5
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