Outline of Hospitalization Due to Venous Thromboembolism in Brazil Between 2010 and 2020

An important pathology that affects the cardiovascular system is venous thromboembolism (VTE), a disease characterized by the formation of clots in veins. VTE is divided into two clinical presentations: pulmonary thromboembolism (PT) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The general objective of the present work is to describe the profile of patients hospitalized for venous thromboembolism and other venous diseases, in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2020. The specific objectives are the following: describe the demographic characteristics of hospitalized patients; describe the epidemiological trend of venous thromboembolism over the period. Based on data extracted from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), it was possible to analyze the following variables: annual frequency; race/color; sex; age range; brazilian demographic regions. Of the 446.328 hospitalizations for phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, embolism, and venous thrombosis in Brazil, between 2010 and 2020, it was noticed that 61,22% (273.254) are women, of which 42.94% (191.673) are self-declared as white and that 54,43% (242.969) are concentrated in the Southeast Region. The profile of patients admitted between 2010 and 2020 was identified as being composed of white women between 50 and 59 years old

O Impacto do uso de drogas durante a gravidez no neurodesenvolvimento de neonatos

A problemática das drogas no Brasil não é recente e afeta os mais diversos setores da sociedade, inclusive o tecido social gestante, o que amplifica suas consequências pensando que nesse processo estarão envolvidos a progenitora e a progênie. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever as alterações no sistema nervoso central (SNC) em bebês nascidos de mães dependentes químicas e, dessa forma, fornecer bases consistentes para futuro desenvolvimento de estratégias para o tratamento e prevenção na atenção básica, levando em conta o contexto social do binômio mãe/feto. Principalmente, os aspectos de educação e saúde, condições socioeconômicos e culturais. A metodologia utilizada englobou pesquisas de dados em 5 artigos originais produzidas desde o ano de 2018 que correspondessem com o tema, gratuitos e encontrados nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Pubmed, Scielo. Em suma, os resultados gerais demonstraram anormalidades no desenvolvimento nervoso central, choro frequente, angústia respiratória, tremores dos neonatos e diversas dificuldades para um tratamento resolutivo. O tema possui diversas nuances, já que a síndrome de abstinência neonatal (SAN) não se limita ao uso de drogas ilícitas, mas até mesmo antidepressivos, álcool e outros medicamentos. Com isso, é necessário atenção para determinar causas de microcefalia, nascimento prematuro e desenvolvimento neuro-motor inesperado; todos são sintomas de tal síndrome. Dessa forma, há urgência em desenvolver mais pesquisas sobre o assunto, para que a atenção básica supere os desafios da separação do binômio mãe/feto e as adversidades na utilização de medicamentos semelhantes as drogas utilizadas pelas gestantes na reabilitação de ambos. &nbsp

Causas, consequências e métodos atribuídos para prevenir a desertificação na caatinga / Causes, consequences and methods attributed to prevent desertification in caatinga

A desertificação é um fenômeno que resulta da combinação de fatores naturais, principalmente as episódicas secas; e de fatores antrópicos, como sobrepastoreio, desmatamento e remoção da cobertura vegetal, juntamente com as atividades agrícolas que ocorrem acima da capacidade de suporte do ambiente. No Brasil o bioma Caatinga é o mais atingido, perdendo apenas para a Floresta Atlântica e o Cerrado. Estima-se que 80% da vegetação encontre-se completamente modificada, devido ao extrativismo e a agropecuária, apresentando-se a maioria dessas áreas em estádios iniciais ou intermediários de sucessão ecológica. Entretanto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa bibliográfica foi mostrar as causas e as consequências da desertificação da Caatinga e os métodos que são atribuídos para prevenção. É preciso ressaltar que as restrições físicas e químicas dos solos, a escassez de água no Semiárido nordestino, bem como a exploração intensiva dos recursos naturais e o super pastoreio tornam a Caatinga vulnerável à desertificação e à ameaça de extinção de espécies da fauna e da flora nativa da região, entretanto, esse processo pode ser controlado, evitado, e até mesmo revertido, desde que haja o envolvimento da população e que os órgãos governamentais proponham soluções, junto com as comunidades e as escolas e toda a sociedade para resolver, ou ao menos, buscar alternativas sustentáveis, oferecendo auxílio técnico para o manejo dessas áreas e incentivando a preservação ambiental de maneira que não ocorra uma sobrecarga de problemas nas áreas de risco. Nos locais onde o processo de desertificação já se instalou são necessários investimentos para sua contenção; porém, o custo é da ordem de bilhões de dólares

Intake, digestibility, performance, and carcass traits of beef cattle of different gender

The performance, intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of beef cattle from different gender profile were assessed. Fifteen animals (five steers, five spayed heifers, and five intact heifers) with ±250 kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned in individual pens and fed the same diet for 106 days. At the end of the trial, all the animals were slaughtered and the pH, temperature, and weight of the carcass were recorded. The right side of each carcass was then separated into chuck, shoulder, flank sirloin, and round for evaluation of commercial cuts yield. The left carcass sides were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs where the rib eye area and fat thickness measurements were taken. The 9th–11th rib section was removed from the left half carcass and then dissected into muscle, fat, and bones in order to estimate carcass composition. Gender had no effect (P > 0.05) on performance, intake, digestibility of dry matter and all the nutrients evaluated, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. It can be concluded that steers and heifers (spayed or not) have the same potential to produce beef. From a productive and welfare standpoint, there is no reason to spay heifers

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved