Smart Manufacturing System Using LLM for Human-Robot Collaboration: Applications and Challenges

In the era of Industry 4.0, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and the internet of things (IoT) are rapidly transforming and upgrading the manufacturing industry, with robots playing an increasingly crucial role in this process. These advancements lay the foundation for high-quality development in intelligent manufacturing. With the introduction of Industry 5.0, the human-centered approach has gained significant attention, giving rise to a new field of human-centric manufacturing. The distinction between humans and robots in intelligent manufacturing systems is becoming increasingly blurred, and research on human-robot collaboration has become a hot topic. This paper proposes a prototype method for human-robot smart collaborative operation in intelligent manufacturing systems, based on the integration of large language model (LLM) and machine vision. By leveraging the strengths of commuter vision and LLMs, the method aims to enhance the intelligence of human-robot smart collaboration in manufacturing systems. Additionally, this study disused the applications and challenges of this proposed model.&nbsp

Water-Energy Nexus: A Review of Technological Innovations for Resource Efficiency in Urban Water Systems in Malawi

The intricate and interdependent relationship between water and energy is crucial for sustainable development, especially in urban water systems. Malawi is facing challenges regarding water loss and energy use. Technological innovations such as Smart Water Systems and integrating renewable energy in the water-energy nexus must be deployed to enhance resource efficiency and address the pressing challenges of climate change, water scarcity, and energy shortages. Effective management of this relationship is critical for improving resource efficiency and ensuring the sustainability of urban water systems in Malawi. Adopting these technologies presents numerous benefits, including enhanced water supply reliability, consumer behavioral change, improved energy efficiency, and reduced operational costs. However, several policy and regulatory challenges must also be addressed. This article explores the Water-Energy Nexus in urban water systems in Malawi by reviewing the situation and challenges, emerging technologies in water management and opportunities in integrating energy sources, and existing opportunities.&nbsp

Patient Satisfaction in Urgent Care Clinics among Attendants in PHCs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Patient satisfaction is a critical indicator of healthcare quality and serves as a key metric for evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare delivery systems. This study examines patient satisfaction among individuals attending urgent care clinics at PSMMC Primary Health Care Centers (PHCs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Objective: To assess the level of patient satisfaction regarding the services provided in urgent care clinics within PSMMC PHCs and to inform stakeholders about the perceptions and experiences of patients. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing a self-administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised five sections focusing on socio-demographic characteristics, frequency of PHC visits, perceptions toward PHC services, and overall satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample of 214 adult participants (aged 18 and above) and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Of the respondents, 57% identified as patients, with significant representation from ages 26-35 (39.7%) and over 35 (41.6%). Overall satisfaction levels varied across different dimensions of care. Satisfaction with emergency care was reported at 30.4% highly satisfied, while parking availability elicited mixed responses, with 25.2% highly satisfied. Waiting time satisfaction was notably lower, with only 21.0% expressing high satisfaction. Additionally, interactions with healthcare providers received moderate satisfaction ratings; 34.6% were highly satisfied with physician attention and 36.4% with communication effectiveness. Conclusion: The findings indicate a generally positive perception of urgent care services, particularly regarding healthcare provider interactions and nursing services. However, challenges remain regarding parking, waiting times, and the level of patient involvement in decision-making. Continuous improvements in these areas are essential to enhance patient satisfaction and optimize healthcare delivery within urgent care settings. Future research should further explore demographic influences on patient experiences and satisfaction levels in primary healthcare services.&nbsp

Workplace Deviant Behaviour in Nigeria’s Public Sector: A Systematic Review

Workplace deviance is a significant issue in Nigeria, affecting both public and private sectors and undermining productivity, governance, and economic stability. Deviant behaviours such as bribery, fraud, absenteeism, favouritism, and corruption are widespread, resulting in inefficiency, low morale, and a lack of trust in institutions. Studies suggest that 35% to 75% of Nigerian workers engage in such practices, driven by weak institutional frameworks, poor accountability, and low employee motivation, with political patronage and cultural tolerance of corruption further exacerbating the problem. Theories like Adams' Equity Theory, Frustration-Aggression Theory, and Hirschi's Control Theory provide insight into how perceptions of injustice, frustration, and weak social bonds lead to deviance. Additionally, Social Learning Theory and Institutional Anomie Theory highlight the role of organizational culture and societal norms in shaping behaviour, as individuals often replicate the deviant acts they observe. To address workplace deviance, organizations must implement reforms, including strengthening anti-corruption enforcement, improving transparency, ensuring fair wages, and enhancing employee engagement. Promoting ethical leadership, establishing clear ethical guidelines, and using technology for monitoring and detecting misconduct are also critical. Public awareness and whistleblower protections are essential to reinforce ethical standards. In conclusion, reducing workplace deviance in Nigeria requires multi-dimensional efforts to promote accountability and a culture of integrity within organizations, ultimately improving productivity and governance.&nbsp

Legal Framework for Income Distribution in Cooperatives: Principles and Practice

To conduct business activities, the first, cooperatives must have charter capital, which members contribute to the cooperative according to their commitment before establishment. The second, In the process of business activities, members must directly contribute labor, that is, participate in the management and operation of cooperative activities, at the same time, members directly use the products and services of the cooperative, create revenue, and ultimately create profits for the cooperative, generating income. When income arises, the cooperative processes the income according to the order and procedures prescribed by the Law on Cooperatives, according to the provisions in the Cooperative Charter or according to the financial regulations of the cooperative. Finally, the cooperative distributes income to members according to the level of use of products and services, according to the level of labor contribution and according to the capital contribution ratio.&nbsp

Global Assessment of Energy Consumption in Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Plants

Efficiency and sustainability have been widely investigated in water supply systems. This study evaluates and reviews the energy consumption of conventional drinking water treatment processes globally. By presenting and quantifying the unit energy consumption per cubic meter of treated water across key process units such as coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chemical disinfection, we provide insights into historical trends, operational benchmarks, and opportunities for energy efficiency improvements. The review combines data from international case studies, peer-reviewed journal papers and technical reports from 2000–2024. Our findings confirm that conventional systems are energy efficient compared to advanced processes while also highlighting auxiliary energy demands (e.g., pumping) that offer the potential for further optimisation. Finally, the paper discusses prospects for integrating renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, to enhance sustainability. The insights form a solid foundation for optimising existing systems and guiding future investments in water treatment infrastructure.&nbsp

Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Machine Learning: A Case Study in Sheger City, Koye Sub-city, Ethiopia

Municipal Solid Waste Management is an increasingly critical challenge in urban areas, intensified by rapid urbanization, population growth, and evolving consumption patterns. This study investigates the application of machine learning techniques to predict municipal solid waste generation in Sheger City, Koye Sub-city, Ethiopia, using data from 2009 to 2023. Three machine learning models, ARIMA, RF, and LSTM, were employed to forecast waste generation trends for the period 2024–2028, considering various socio-economic and demographic factors. Among the models, LSTM demonstrated the highest accuracy, with MSE of 1.62 × 10⁸ tonnes, MAE of 9,500 tonnes, and R² of 0.93. These results outperformed ARIMA (MSE = 3.84 × 10⁸ tonnes², MAE = 15,200 tonnes, R² = 0.85) and RF (MSE = 2.91 × 10⁸ tonnes², MAE = 12,800 tonnes, R² = 0.89). The forecasts predict an 8.5% increase in total waste generation, from 3,852,150 tonnes in 2023 to 4,177,500 tonnes by 2028. Notable growth is expected in high-volume waste streams, including food waste (13.5% increase) and plastic waste (8.9% increase). These findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced waste management strategies, including expanded recycling programs and policy interventions. This study provides a robust framework for leveraging machine learning models to guide waste management decisions, contributing to more sustainable urban waste management practices in rapidly growing cities.&nbsp

Enhancing the Quality of Political Theory Education in Colleges Through the Application of Active Teaching Methods

Teaching method is the way teachers convey knowledge and inspiration to learners. Teaching method has 3 macro, intermediate and micro levels respectively: viewpoints on teaching methods; forms of teaching methods; teaching techniques. Views on teaching methods are broad concepts, guiding the selection of specific forms of teaching methods. Different forms of teaching will require different teaching techniques. Active teaching methods are widely applied in many schools in Vietnam and many countries around the world. This method brings high efficiency in teaching and learning by promoting creativity, initiative and positivity of learners.&nbsp

Teacher’s Creativity, Innovation and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Transformational Education in Universities in South-East, Nigeria

   This study examined teachers’ creativity, innovation and emotional intelligence as predictors of transformational education in universities in South-East, Nigeria. Three specific purposes; three research questions, and three hypotheses guided the study. Correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all the 4,240 teaching staff (2,778 in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka; UNIZIK and 1,462 in Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo; AE-FUNAI). The sample size for the study was 424 teaching staff drawn through proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Structured instruments “Creativity Rating Scale (TCRS) developed by the researchers; Innovation Adoption and Impact Questionnaire (IAIQ) developed by Emily Carter in 2021; Emotional Intelligence Rating Scale (EIRS) developed by Schutte et al. in 1998; and Transformational Education Rating Scale (TERS) developed by the researchers” were used for data collection. The instruments were face validated by three experts in Faculty of Education; two lecturers in Educational Management and Policy and one lecturer in Measurement and Evaluation Unit, Department of Educational Foundations Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Internal consistencies co-efficient of 0.84, 0.90, 0.81, and 0.91 were obtained for TCRS, IAIQ, EIRS, and TERS respectively using Cronbach Alpha statistical method. The researchers administered the instrument to the respondents with the help of six research assistants. Out of the 424 copies of the instruments administered, 409 copies (96.46%) were retrieved duly completed, and used for data analysis. Simple linear regression statistics (R) was used for data analysis. The (R) was used to determine the predictive value of the independent variables and the dependent variable of the study. The p-value was used to determine the significance of the prediction for all hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. All analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25. The study findings revealed that teachers' creativity, innovation, and emotional intelligence are very strong predictors and significantly predict transformational education in universities in South-East Nigeria. Based on the empirical findings, it was concluded that teachers' creativity, innovation, and emotional intelligence are critical components that significantly enhance the effectiveness of transformational education in universities in South-East Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that policymakers should formulate and implement policies that encourage and support teachers' creativity and innovation. This includes funding for research and development in education, as well as policies that integrate emotional intelligence training into teacher preparation programmes.&nbsp

Building Encroachment on the Ntawogba Stormwater Drainage Servitude in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria

Settlement intrusion into natural stormwater servitude is an organic phenomenon that occurs in urban areas if unchecked. This study evaluates the encroachment of building developments on the Ntawogba natural stormwater drainage servitude in Port Harcourt. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study utilised a survey research methodology based on data obtained from a non-probability sample of forty (40) buildings selected purposively from the two-hundred and six (206) buildings observed as encroaching on the 15metres setbacks along the Ntawogba stormwater canal after a ground-truthing exercise and listing of buildings. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for mapping the buildings within the stormwater servitude. Key informant data were obtained using a structured open-ended interview schedule from two (2) sources; the Director Building Plan Approval and Regulation and Director Development Control in the Rivers State Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development. The research found that the lack of stormwater management in the study area and extensive urban development particularly on wetlands due to the pressure of urbanisation and poor development control mechanisms were responsible for the 206 buildings on the stormwater drainage reserve. The study recommends that the stormwater sector plan of the Port Harcourt Master Plan, 1975 and the Greater Port Harcourt City Development Plan of 2009 to guide, monitor, control and manage the areas designated as stormwater servitude should be implemented to achieve sustainable urban growth and development. Agencies of Government should forthwith stop granting development permits to properties that fall within the stormwater servitude and the Rivers State Government should take steps to demolish all buildings encroaching on the Ntawogba canal to restore effective management and conservation of natural stormwater drainages.&nbsp