O EMPREGO DE AERONAVES DE ASAS ROTATIVAS NO SUPORTE ÀS OPERAÇÕES DE COMBATE A INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS

Between 2019 and 2020, forest fires were among the main issues of the year, attracting the attention of the media and society and recording one of the highest rates in the historical series in Brazil. These occurrences are complex emergencies that require special efforts from authorities, with a view to preserving lives, public and private property and the environment. Despite being seasonal occurrences and, sometimes, with suggestive components, due to the peculiarities in certain locations, such as the Brazilian cerrado during periods of drought, these fires also suffer great interference from climatic conditions, therefore adding a factor of unpredictability in relation to fire behavior, which leads to abrupt changes, as has been observed in recent years. These and other characteristics make them extremely complex and pose a high risk to professionals who work in direct combat. In this way, the use of aircraft to support forest firefighting operations proves to be a vital tool, however, there must be due organizational awareness and analysis regarding all risks involved with a view to mitigating and increasing safety. operational. This is the main purpose of this work, through the analysis of fundamentals and integration of basic concepts from different areas of activity that invariably merge during the response to these events.Entre 2019 y 2020, los incendios forestales estuvieron entre los principales temas del año, atrayendo la atención de los medios de comunicación y de la sociedad, y registrando una de las tasas más altas de la serie histórica en Brasil. Estos sucesos son emergencias complejas que requieren esfuerzos especiales por parte de las autoridades, con miras a preservar vidas, bienes públicos y privados y el medio ambiente. A pesar de ser ocurrencias estacionales y a veces con componentes sugerentes, debido a las peculiaridades en ciertos lugares, como el cerrado brasileño en períodos de sequía, estos incendios también sufren una gran interferencia de las condiciones climáticas, agregando así un factor de imprevisibilidad en relación al comportamiento del fuego, lo que conduce a cambios abruptos, como se ha observado en los últimos años. Estas y otras características los hacen extremadamente complejos y de alto riesgo para los profesionales que trabajan en combate directo. Por lo tanto, el uso de aeronaves para apoyar las operaciones de combate de incendios forestales es una herramienta vital, sin embargo, es necesario contar con la adecuada conciencia organizacional y análisis de todos los riesgos involucrados con el fin de mitigar y aumentar la seguridad operacional. Este es el propósito principal de este trabajo, a través del análisis de fundamentos e integración de conceptos básicos de diferentes áreas de actividad que invariablemente se fusionan durante la respuesta a estos eventos.Entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, os incêndios florestais figuraram entre os principais assuntos do ano, atraindo a atenção da mídia e da sociedade, e registrando um dos maiores índices da série histórica no Brasil. Essas ocorrências são emergências complexas e que exigem esforços especiais das autoridades, com vistas à preservação de vidas, do patrimônio público, privado e do meio ambiente. Apesar de serem ocorrências sazonais e, por vezes, com componentes sugestivos, em função das peculiaridades em determinados locais, como o cerrado brasileiro em períodos de estiagem, esses incêndios também sofrem grande interferência das condições climáticas adicionando, portanto, um fator de imprevisibilidade em relação ao comportamento do fogo, o que leva à mudanças abruptas, como tem se observado nos últimos anos. Essas e outras características os tornam extremamente complexos e de alto risco aos profissionais que atuam no combate direto. Desta forma, a utilização de aeronaves como suporte às operações de combate a incêndios florestais se mostra como uma ferramenta vital, contudo, é necessário que haja a devida consciência organizacional e análise a respeito de todos os riscos envolvidos com vistas à mitigação e incremento da segurança operacional. Sendo este o principal intuito deste trabalho, por meio da análise de fundamentos e integração de conceitos básicos de diferentes áreas de atuação que invariavelmente se fundem durante a resposta a estes eventos.Entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, os incêndios florestais figuraram entre os principais assuntos do ano, atraindo a atenção da mídia e da sociedade, e registrando um dos maiores índices da série histórica no Brasil. Essas ocorrências são emergências complexas e que exigem esforços especiais das autoridades, com vistas à preservação de vidas, do patrimônio público, privado e do meio ambiente. Apesar de serem ocorrências sazonais e, por vezes, com componentes sugestivos, em função das peculiaridades em determinados locais, como o cerrado brasileiro em períodos de estiagem, esses incêndios também sofrem grande interferência das condições climáticas adicionando, portanto, um fator de imprevisibilidade em relação ao comportamento do fogo, o que leva à mudanças abruptas, como tem se observado nos últimos anos. Essas e outras características os tornam extremamente complexos e de alto risco aos profissionais que atuam no combate direto. Desta forma, a utilização de aeronaves como suporte às operações de combate a incêndios florestais se mostra como uma ferramenta vital, contudo, é necessário que haja a devida consciência organizacional e análise a respeito de todos os riscos envolvidos com vistas à mitigação e incremento da segurança operacional. Sendo este o principal intuito deste trabalho, por meio da análise de fundamentos e integração de conceitos básicos de diferentes áreas de atuação que invariavelmente se fundem durante a resposta a estes eventos

Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV

Many measurements and searches for physics beyond the standard model at the LHC rely on the efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom or charm quarks. In this paper, the discriminating variables and the algorithms used for heavy-flavour jet identification during the first years of operation of the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are presented. Heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms have been improved compared to those used previously at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. For jets with transverse momenta in the range expected in simulated $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ events, these new developments result in an efficiency of 68% for the correct identification of a b jet for a probability of 1% of misidentifying a light-flavour jet. The improvement in relative efficiency at this misidentification probability is about 15%, compared to previous CMS algorithms. In addition, for the first time algorithms have been developed to identify jets containing two b hadrons in Lorentz-boosted event topologies, as well as to tag c jets. The large data sample recorded in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV has also allowed the development of new methods to measure the efficiency and misidentification probability of heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms. The heavy-flavour jet identification efficiency is measured with a precision of a few per cent at moderate jet transverse momenta (between 30 and 300 GeV) and about 5% at the highest jet transverse momenta (between 500 and 1000 GeV)

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a bottom quark–antiquark pair

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio