“Júlio Torres em cena”: embriaguez pública e moral impressa em Fortaleza (1915-1935)

Este artigo discute as representações jornalísticas e jurídicas sobre a embriaguez pública na cidade de Fortaleza entre anos de 1915 a 1935. Foram pesquisadas as colunas policiais dos jornais Correio do Ceará, Gazeta de Notícias e O Nordeste. Também foram pesquisados relatórios policiais, códigos penais e processos crimes. Constatamos que a embriaguez no espaço público era uma contravenção penal controlada pelo dispositivo policial através das prisões correcionais. A imprensa jornalística possuía um discurso moralizante sobre a ebriedade, construindo crônicas policiais que ressaltavam o cotidiano de ébrios em conflito com a lei. O texto jornalístico alinhava-se ao discurso policial na construção do ébrio infrator e indisciplinado, avesso à moral citadina. Concluimos que a embriaguez no espaço citadino contrapunha-se aos ideais de ordem e civilidade da época, revelando ações de ruptura com a normatividade urbana

SUJEITOS INOMINADOS E LUGARES SIGILOSOS: A CONSTITUIÇÃO DOS ALCOÓLICOS ANÔNIMOS NA CIDADE DE FORTALEZA

This study aims to analyze the historic implementation of the Fellowship Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, from the perspective  of its conditions of possibilities as discourse. As a method, historiographic research was carried out by choosing newspapers, books, magazines and the AA literature as primary sources, and authors from the field of History and correlated areas as references. As a result, it was noticed that in Fortaleza the constitution of the first AA groups occurred in the areas with more alcohol circulation and consumption, like the city center. The divulgation of the AA services was intense, considering the restrictions on group anonymity. The AA was presented as an  alternative to the traditional therapeutic procedures and as a moral and social rehabilitation possibility. The conclusion is that the implementation of the AA Fellowship in Fortaleza was possible due to the active engagement of its first members in the press and to its discursivity, which featured psychological, medical, and spiritual precepts, establishing continuousidentification between its anonymous members and the consumers in the city from the account of the individual story and of the collective memory of the Fellowship.Este artigo objetiva analisar a inserção histórica da Irmandade Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA) na cidade de Fortaleza a partir de suas condições de possibilidade enquanto discurso. Como método, realizamos uma pesquisa historiográfica elegendo as seguintes fontes primárias: jornais, livros, revistas e a literatura de AA. No tocante ao referencial teórico, elegemos autores do campo da história e de disciplinas afins. Como resultados, constatou-se que em Fortaleza a formação dos primeiros grupos de AA ocorreu nas regiões de maior circulação e consumo alcoólico como o centro da cidade. A divulgação dos serviços de AA foi intensa, considerando as restrições do anonimato grupal. Os AA eram apresentados como uma alternativa aos procedimentos terapêuticos tradicionais e como possibilidade de regeneração moral e social. Concluímos que a inserção da irmandade de AA em Fortaleza foi possível pelo engajamento atuante de seus primeiros membros na imprensa e por sua discursividade que agregava preceitos psicológicos, médicos e espirituais, estabelecendo uma contínuaidentificação entre seus membros anônimos e os consumidores da cidade a partir do relato da história individual e da memória coletiva da Irmandade

ESCRITA E EMBRIAGUEZ EM FERNANDO PESSOA: UM ESTUDO PSICANALÍTICO

O presente trabalho objetiva investigar a relação entre escrita e embriaguez emFernando Pessoa a partir do referencial teórico da psicanálise, para isso adotou-se ométodo da psicanálise aplicada. Constatou-se por meio da análise dos escritos que o álcool e a escrita em Pessoa se entrelaçam no sentido de ambas serem utilizadascomo medidas paliativas frente ao mal-estar, e por terem o efeito de "narcose",modificando-se apenas no grau de moderação. Outra relação observada entre álcoolescrita se deu no sentido de ambas estarem atreladas ao corpo. Desta forma, concluise que uma escrita-alcoolizada em Pessoa é possível no sentido que nem toda ação tóxica desencadeia efeitos nocivos, e que a associação álcool-escrita podeproporciona uma relação entre a fantasia e a realidade gerando um apaziguamentodo sujeito frente ao mal-estar

O processo de identificação entre membros de Alcoólicos Anônimos: uma análise psicanalítica e foucaultiana de discurso

This article discusses the role of identification in the treatment of alcoholism proposed by the Brotherhood of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). As a methodological procedure, we performed a bibliographic study of AA literature and interviews with ten AA members in the city of Juazeiro do Norte-CE. For the analysis of the results, we made an articulation between psychoanalytic theory and discourse analysis, also considering the Foucaultian contributions on discourse and power. In psychoanalysis, identification is defined as the most remote affective bond that the subject establishes with the object. Freud uses this concept in his study of group and mass formations, highlighting three modes of identification: with the father, the symptomatic and the hysterical. We found that for the AA member, the practice of the twelve-step spiritual therapeutic program requires symptomatic identification with "alcoholic disease" and with the other "alcoholic" member. The Brotherhood's group cohesion occurs based on the self ideal of “sobriety”. The founders' experience recorded in the official Brotherhood literature serves as identifying features for members to this day. In the speeches of the participants, the need for group bonding, compared to the family bond, and the exercise of leadership in the groups was highlighted, although the Brotherhood did not officially establish leaders. We conclude that for AA, the treatment of alcoholism is equivalent to the gradual process of identity construction of the “anonymous alcoholic”, whose subjective effects are of massification at the expense of singularity.O presente artigo discute a função da identificação na terapêutica do alcoolismo proposta pela Irmandade Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA). Como procedimento metodológico, realizamos um estudo bibliográfico da literatura de AA e entrevistas com dez membros de AA na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Para a análise dos resultados, realizamos uma articulação entre a teoria psicanalítica, análise de discurso e as contribuições da filosofia foucaultiana sobre discurso e poder. Em psicanálise, a identificação é definida como o laço afetivo mais remoto que o sujeito estabelece com o objeto. Freud se vale do referido conceito em seu estudo sobre as formações grupais e das massas destacando três modos de identificação: com o pai, a sintomática e a histérica. Constatamos que para o membro de AA, a prática do programa terapêutico espiritual dos doze passos exige uma identificação sintomática com a “doença alcoólica” e com o outro membro “alcoólico”. A coesão grupal da Irmandade ocorre a partir do ideal do eu de “sobriedade”. A experiência dos fundadores registrada na literatura oficial da Irmandade serve como traço identificatório para os membros até hoje. Nas falas dos participantes, foi destacada a necessidade do vínculo grupal, comparado ao laço familiar, e do exercício de lideranças nos grupos, apesar da Irmandade não estabelecer líderes oficialmente. Concluímos que para os AA a terapêutica do alcoolismo equivale ao processo gradual de construção identitária do “alcoólico anônimo”, cujos efeitos subjetivos são de massificação em detrimento da singularidade

Desejo e regressão na gravidez: uma perspectiva psicanalítica

Na gravidez, são afetadas e modificadas todas as estruturas que circundam a mulher, sejam elas internas ou externas: sua relação com o corpo, com seu companheiro, com sua família, a ligação com filhos anteriores – no caso de multíparas, seu vinculo empregatício – se houver, seus relacionamentos sociais, e finalmente, a relação da gestante com suas elaborações interiores. A partir da união de teóricos eminentes concernentes a esse tema, foram abordados e discutidos influentes elementos subjetivos encontrados nesse período: a regressão da mãe, o aspecto ambivalente de seu desejo, sua constituição feminina e o retorno do filho como equivalente substituto do falo. Harmonizou-se os escritos clássicos e mais antigos com a utilização de artigos científicos mais recentes, constituindo uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico. O presente artigo visa, portanto, abordar o processo gravídico no contexto desenvolvimental, através da perspectiva psicanalítica. Objetivou-se construir uma revisão de literatura para aprofundar os conhecimentos que permeiam o período gestacional e permitir ao leitor possuir, em um único trabalho, uma visão ampla e coerente dos elementos acima citados. Destes, pôde-se observar que, apesar de constar em diversas das obras consultadas, o conceito de regressão materna necessita de maiores aprofundamentos teóricos e práticos. Concluí-se que, pelo fato de o período gestacional unir elementos da pré-história da mãe e os somar à sua infância, à sua constituição feminina, ao seu desenvolvimento sexual e à elaboração do seu desejo, a mulher grávida carece de maiores cuidados, que devem exceder o físico e abranger toda sua constituição psíquica

Desejo e regressão na gravidez: uma perspectiva psicanalítica

Na gravidez, são afetadas e modificadas todas as estruturas que circundam a mulher, sejam elas internas ou externas: sua relação com o corpo, com seu companheiro, com sua família, a ligação com filhos anteriores – no caso de multíparas, seu vinculo empregatício – se houver, seus relacionamentos sociais, e finalmente, a relação da gestante com suas elaborações interiores. A partir da união de teóricos eminentes concernentes a esse tema, foram abordados e discutidos influentes elementos subjetivos encontrados nesse período: a regressão da mãe, o aspecto ambivalente de seu desejo, sua constituição feminina e o retorno do filho como equivalente substituto do falo. Harmonizou-se os escritos clássicos e mais antigos com a utilização de artigos científicos mais recentes, constituindo uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico. O presente artigo visa, portanto, abordar o processo gravídico no contexto desenvolvimental, através da perspectiva psicanalítica. Objetivou-se construir uma revisão de literatura para aprofundar os conhecimentos que permeiam o período gestacional e permitir ao leitor possuir, em um único trabalho, uma visão ampla e coerente dos elementos acima citados. Destes, pôde-se observar que, apesar de constar em diversas das obras consultadas, o conceito de regressão materna necessita de maiores aprofundamentos teóricos e práticos. Concluí-se que, pelo fato de o período gestacional unir elementos da pré-história da mãe e os somar à sua infância, à sua constituição feminina, ao seu desenvolvimento sexual e à elaboração do seu desejo, a mulher grávida carece de maiores cuidados, que devem exceder o físico e abranger toda sua constituição psíquica

Measurement of electroweak WZ boson production and search for new physics in WZ + two jets events in pp collisions at √s=13TeV

A measurement of WZ electroweak (EW) vector boson scattering is presented. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ→ℓνℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV at the LHC collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The WZ plus two jet production cross section is measured in fiducial regions with enhanced contributions from EW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The EW WZ production in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.2 (2.5) standard deviations. Constraints on charged Higgs boson production and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-eight effective field theory operators are also presented

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation