The Study of Relationship Between Managers Personality Types with Their Efficacy (Case Study of Islamic Azad University of Qaemshahr)

The present study has been don to examine the relationship between managers personality types whit their efficacy in Islamic Azad Univarsity of Qaemshahr. the main hypothesis is as follow there is a meaningful relation ship between managers personality types and their eficiacy. the statistical universe of this study is divided into two groups of manaders and employees that according to the repart of administration unit 20 persons are managers and 210 persons are employees that 136 person were chosen asa sample in simple random manner amongemployees. Among personality models, pour styles of yong eight styles was chosen that consist extroverted, sensational, logical and disciplined. Efficacy index is also b ased on the elements of wikipeid encyclopedia. In formation collecting tools in this researcal are two guestionnaire as follow: Employees. Reseach results were confirmed the main hypothesis namely the relationship among special kinds of persomality styles with management efficiacy. In lateral results we found that the most efficacious personality style is sensual style in mangers

Comparison of Compressive Strength of Five Hydraulic Cements

Objectives: Maintaining pulp vitality is a main goal in restorative dentistry. Introduction of pulp capping agents paved the way to eliminate the shortcomings of these materials and obtain successful restorations. On the other hand, nanotechnology is an emerging field of science with increasing use in dental materials. This study sought to assess the effect of addition of nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 on compressive strength of five hydraulic cements.Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, three experimental formulations of nano hybrid MTA, MTA Angelus and MTA Angelus+ nano-oxide particles cements were placed in molds measuring 4±0.1mm in internal diameter and 6±0.1mm in height made of stainless steel (ISO9917-1). Ten samples were fabricated for each of the five groups of materials. Sound samples were stored at 37°C and 95±5% humidity and were subjected to compressive strength testing in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/minute after 24 hours and one month. Two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test were used for comparison of compressive strength of groups at different time points.Results: The highest compressive strength belonged to MTA Angelus+ nanohydroxyapatite and nano-hybrid MTA C at 24 hours and 30 days, respectively. The lowest compressive strength belonged to nano-hybrid MTA B and MTA Angelus at 24 hours and 30 days, respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion: Addition of nanoparticles affected the compressive strength of cements. Compressive strength significantly increased over time in all groups

Neurologic complications of sickle cell disease in Africa A systematic review and meta-analysis

To summarize prevalence data on the neurologic complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa

Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of periodontal diseases

Periodontal disease is time consuming and expensive to treat and therefore its prevention, early detection and management are issues which, if effectively addressed, are likely to yield considerable health-care benefit (97). However, despite numerous advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, periodontitis is still only diagnosed once connective tissue and bone destruction has occurred. Furthermore, monitoring disease progression is a highly skilled and technically demanding process, involving measurement of bleeding on probing, probing depth and attachment loss coupled with radiographic assessment and (subjective) visual observations (76). It would be highly desirable to develop biomarkers for early detection of periodontal disease and to identify progression because current diagnostic approaches do not reflect current disease activity but simply assess the cumulative effects of historical tissue destruction (53). Rational diagnosis would also have concomitant patient benefit because the paucity of evidence-based knowledge of disease progression in individual patients may lead to unintentional clinical mismanagement (97). In addition, studies of the salivary mediators associated with disease may help in the development of novel therapies aimed at controlling cytokine bioavailability (e.g. through anti-cytokine antibodies, antagonists or soluble receptors) or by targeting the intracellular signaling pathways they activate, approaches which have been successful in the treatment of other chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (60, 91, 95). Cytokines have been defined as soluble factors produced by one (immune) cell that act on another cell within the same milieu (26). However, it is now recognized that the range of molecules with cytokine-like activity can be extended to include, for example, growth factors and adipokines, which also have immunoregulatory functions. Importantly, cytokine functions often overlap or merge, building a complex immunoregulatory network in the immune system that is often perturbed in disease. It is increasingly appreciated that cytokines have vital roles in the development and homeostasis of numerous cell types and, in a wide range of tissues, have roles in resolution of inflammation, wound healing, repair and regeneration. In the following review, the term ‘cytokine’ will be used in this broad context. In addition to direct analysis of cytokines, the levels of molecules such as matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which are regulated by cytokines, have also been given considerable attention as potential periodontitis biomarkers, as reviewed elsewhere in this volume of Periodontology 2000

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Importance Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.Objective To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates.Evidence Review The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019.Findings In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia.Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts