Reflective, polarizing, and magnetically soft amorphous Fe/Si multilayer neutron optics with isotope-enriched 11B4C inducing atomically flat interfaces

The utilization of polarized neutrons is of great importance in scientific disciplines spanning materials science, physics, biology, and chemistry. Polarization analysis offers insights into otherwise unattainable sample information such as magnetic domains and structures, protein crystallography, composition, orientation, ion-diffusion mechanisms, and relative location of molecules in multicomponent biological systems. State-of-the-art multilayer polarizing neutron optics have limitations, particularly low specular reflectivity and polarization at higher scattering vectors/angles, and the requirement of high external magnetic fields to saturate the polarizer magnetization. Here, we show that by incorporating 11B4C into Fe/Si multilayers, amorphization and smooth interfaces can be achieved, yielding higher neutron reflectivity, less diffuse scattering and higher polarization. Magnetic coercivity is eliminated, and magnetic saturation can be reached at low external fields (>2 mT). This approach offers prospects for significant improvement in polarizing neutron optics, enabling; nonintrusive positioning of the polarizer, enhanced flux, increased data accuracy, and further polarizing/analyzing methods at neutron scattering facilities

Magnetism and Ion Diffusion in Honeycomb Layered Oxide K2_2Ni2_2TeO6_6: First Time Study by Muon Spin Rotation & Neutron Scattering

In the quest of finding novel and efficient batteries, a great interest has raised in K-based honeycomb layer oxide materials both for their fundamental properties and potential applications. A key issue in the realization of efficient batteries based on such compounds, is to understand the K-ion diffusion mechanism. However, investigation of potassium-ion (K$^+$) dynamics in materials using magneto-spin properties has so far been challenging, due to its inherently weak nuclear magnetic moment, in contrast to other alkali ions such as lithium and sodium. Spin-polarised muons, having a high gyromagnetic ratio, make the muon spin rotation and relaxation ($\mu$+SR) technique ideal for probing ions dynamics in weak magneto-spin moment materials. Here we report the magnetic properties and K+ dynamics in honeycomb layered oxide material of the K$_2$Ni$_2$TeO$_6$ using $\mu$+SR measurements. Our low-temperature $\mu$+SR results together with, with complementary magnetic susceptibility, find an antiferromagnetic transition at 26 K. Further $\mu$+SR studies performed at higher temperatures reveal that potassium ions (K$^+$) become mobile above 250 K and the activation energy for the diffusion process is Ea = 121(13) meV. This is the first time that K+ dynamics in potassium-based battery materials has been measured using $\mu$+SR. Finally our results also indicate an interesting possibility that K-ion self diffusion occurs predominantly at the surface of the powder particles. This opens future possibilities for improving ion diffusion and device performance using nano-structuring.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

Before Study Evaluation of Interstate 4 (I-4) Florida\u2019s Regional Advanced Mobility Elements (FRAME) Project (Before Analysis)

BDV24-977-38The primary objectives of this project were to evaluate the safety and mobility conditions along the I-4 corridor from Orlando to Tampa as a part of Interstate 4 (I-4) Florida\u2019s Regional Advanced Mobility Elements\u2019 (FRAME) integrated corridor management (ICM). Since UCF\u2019s main role will be to identify safety challenges on the project corridors and document how the I-4 FRAME project will address these challenges, this report has mainly focused on the corridor level and segment level analyses for freeways, and intersection and segment level analyses for arterials. For safety analyses, crash data are collected from the Signal Four Analytics (S4A) and State Safety Office Geographic Information System (SSOGIS) to ensure the maximum coverage of the crash information. During this crash data collection, crash numbers, crash types, different crash severities, work zone-related crashes, and weather information were collected and analyzed. From the perspectives of the crash rates, different crash types, and crash severities, the main safety challenges on the intersections and segments were identified. For mobility analyses, traffic data were collected and analyzed using Microwave Vehicle Detection System (MVDS) and National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS) data sources. Average travel time and speed and travel time reliability measures were used to analyze the mobility conditions of the studied area. Extensive analyses for safety and mobility evaluation have been performed and possible justification of such findings have been added. This study summarizes the overall safety and mobility evaluation before the new technologies are implemented and will be used to compare with safety and mobility issues after the technologies are implemented

Production of charged pions, kaons and protons at large transverse momenta in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV

Transverse momentum spectra of $\pi^{\pm}, K^{\pm}$ and $p(\bar{p})$ up to $p_T$ = 20 GeV/c at mid-rapidity, |y| $\le$ 0.8, in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV have been measured using the ALICE detector at the LHC. At intermediate $p_T$ (2-8 GeV/c) an enhancement of the proton-to-proton ratio, (p + \bar{p})/(\pi^+ + \pi^-\(), with respect to pp collisions is observed and the ratio reaches 0.80 in central Pb-Pb collisions. The measurement of the nuclear modification factors for \(\pi^{\pm}, K^{\pm} and $p(\bar{p})$ indicates that within the systematic and statistical uncertainties they are the same at high $p_T$ (> 10 GeV/c), suggesting that the chemical composition of leading particles from jets in the medium is similar to that of vacuum jets.publishedVersio

THE APPLICATION OF SPEED READING AT INTERMEDIATE LEVEL (A Case Study of Qualitative Research in One of Senior High School at Majalengka)

Muhammad Salim Pajri. 14111330143. THE APPLICATION OF SPEED READING AT INTERMEDIATE LEVEL (A Case Study of Qualitative Research in One of Senior High School at Majalengka) Reading is the important things in education, because people can get knowledge and information from reading. Without reading people cannot absorb many sciences. Here, the researcher use speed reading technique as the tool of analyzing to know the learning and teaching process at intermediate level. Moreover, the aims of this research are (1). To know the teaching and learning process of speed reading. (2). To know students’ attitude towards teaching and learning speed reading. (3). To know overcome of the difficulties of speed reading. Theoretically, is regarding to the reading area, especially in the reading comprehension by using speed reading technique. Practically, the researcher will analyze of speed reading in one of Senior High School at Majalengka which has benefit for teacher to know students’ ability in school. The research finding and discussion told about the teaching and learning process of speed reading at intermediate level. There are three activities of speed reading techniques. (1) Preparation Activity: teacher begins with greetings, deliver material and prepare students by warming up to focuss in learning process. (2) Core Activity: teacher teaches all the materials of speed reading. (3) Follow-up Activity: teacher gives exercise as the activity to know students score of speed reading test. The result of the analysis shows there are 5 students’ attitude towards teaching and learning speed reading. then, the finding shows that (1). Students’ feeling towards teaching and learning using speed reading in general: students like speed reading then also comfortable. (2). Students’ feeling towards the process of teaching and learning speed reading: they get comprehension of this technique. (3). Students’ difficulties in learning using speed reading: there are unfamiliar word on athe text. (4). Students’ feeling towards their comprehension in learning using speed reading: they get purpose in speed reading learning. (5). Students’ motivation in learning using speed reading: they can read books in fast time. It was found the overcome of difficulties of speed reading technique they are the process of the teaching speed reading and response the students’ response towards it, difficulties, disadvantages and teaching using speed reading technique and the result, usefulness, critics, and suggestions of teaching using speed reading technique. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is way to apply speed reading by using steps of speed reading. From this technique will increase students’ ability in reading process. It can help students to read fast and efficient time. Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Speed Reading, Intermediate Leve

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe