Compliance with Gluten Free Diet Is Associated with Better Quality of Life in Celiac Disease

The quality of life (QOL) of patients with celiac disease (CD) can be altered by both symptoms of the disease and by the restrictions of the gluten-free diet (GFD). The objective was to determine the factors associated with better QOL in a large cohort of CD patients. A link to an online survey was sent to the members of the French Association of Gluten Intolerant People (AFDIAG). The French-Celiac Disease Questionnaire (F-CDQ), scoring from 0 to 100, was used to measure the QOL. Other data collected were sociodemographic characteristics, information on CD, purchasing and consumption habits of gluten-free products, and a self-assessment scale (ranging from 0 to 10) to determine the compliance with the GFD. Among the 907 CD patients who returned the questionnaire, 787 were analyzed (638 women (81%); median age: 49 years; 71% with self-assessed GFD compliance > 8). Their median F-CDQ was 73 (range: 59-82). In multivariate analysis, the main factors associated with a better quality of life were the long duration of the GFD, good compliance with the GFD, and the number of follow-up visits. Compliance with and duration of the GFD are associated with a better quality of life in patients with CD. Taking this into consideration would offset its restrictive aspect and improve its adherence

Evolution of Endoscopic Lesions in Steroid-Refractory Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Responding to Infliximab or Cyclosporine

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Few data on the evolution of endoscopic findings are available in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). The aim of this study was to describe this evolution in a prospective cohort. METHODS: Patients admitted for a steroid-refractory ASUC and included in a randomized trial comparing infliximab and cyclosporine were eligible if they achieved steroid-free clinical remission at day 98. Flexible sigmoidoscopies were performed at baseline, days 7, 42 and 98. Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) and its sub-scores - vascular pattern, bleeding and ulceration/erosion - were post-hoc calculated. Global endoscopic remission was defined by a UCEIS of 0, and partial endoscopic remission by any UCEIS sub-score of 0. RESULTS: Among the 55 patients analyzed (29 infliximab and 26 cyclosporine), 49 (83%) had UCEIS >= 6 at baseline at baseline. Partial endoscopic remission rates were higher for bleeding than for vascular pattern and for ulcerations/erosions at day 7 (20% vs. 4% and 5% (n = 55); p CONCLUSION: In steroid-refractory ASUC patients responding to a second-line medical therapy, endoscopic remission process started with bleeding remission and was not achieved in half the patients at day 98 for vascular pattern. Infliximab provided a higher endoscopic remission rate than cyclosporine at day 98.Peer reviewe

How to select patients for anti-reflux surgery? The ICARUS guidelines (International Consensus regarding preoperative examinations and clinical characteristics assessment to select adult patients for AntiReflUx Surgery)

Objective: Anti-reflux surgery can be proposed in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease, especially when proton pump inhibitor use leads to incomplete symptom improvement. However, to date, international consensus guidelines on the clinical criteria and additional technical examinations used in patient selection for anti-reflux surgery are lacking. We aimed at generating key recommendations in the selection of patients for anti-reflux surgery. Design: We included 35 international experts (gastroenterologists, surgeons and physiologists) in a Delphi process and developed 37 statements that were revised by the Consensus Group, to start the Delphi process. Three voting rounds followed where each statement was presented with the evidence summary. The panel indicated the degree of agreement for the statement. When 80% of the Consensus Group agreed (A+/A) with a statement, this was defined as consensus. All votes were mutually anonymous.Results: Patients with heartburn with a satisfactory response to PPIs, patients with a hiatal hernia (HH), patients with esophagitis LA grade B or higher and patients with Barrett’s esophagus are good candidates for anti-reflux surgery. An endoscopy prior to anti-reflux surgery is mandatory and a barium swallow should be performed in patients with suspicion of a HH or short esophagus. Esophageal manometry is mandatory to rule out major motility disorders. Finally, esophageal pH (+/- impedance) monitoring off PPI is mandatory to select patients for anti-reflux surgery, if endoscopy is negative for unequivocal reflux esophagitis. Conclusion: With the ICARUS guidelines, we generated key recommendations for selection of patients for anti-reflux surgery

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Europe: The Past and the Future

Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a frequent, complex disorder in elderly of European ancestry. Risk profiles and treatment options have changed considerably over the years, which may have affected disease prevalence and outcome. We determined the prevalence of early and late AMD in Europe from 1990 to 2013 using the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium, and made projections for the future. Design Meta-analysis of prevalence data. Participants A total of 42 080 individuals 40 years of age and older participating in 14 population-based cohorts from 10 countries in Europe. Methods AMD was diagnosed based on fundus photographs using the Rotterdam Classification. Prevalence of early and late AMD was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis stratified for age, birth cohort, gender, geographic region, and time period of the study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was compared between late AMD subtypes; geographic atrophy (GA) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of early and late AMD, BCVA, and number of AMD cases. Results Prevalence of early AMD increased from 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1%–5.0%) in those aged 55–59 years to 17.6% (95%

Traitement de la maladie de Crohn par anticorps anti TNF-alpha (étude rétrospective de 51 cas)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etude des facteurs associés à la perception du reflux gastro-oesophagien chez les patients sous inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Bactéries du genre Helicobacter et inflammation intestinale (approche expérimentale et humaine)

Les bactéries du genre Helicobacter pourraient être impliquées dans la pathogénie de la maladie de Crohn. L(objet de cette thèse était d'étudier leur rôle au cours de l'inflammation intestinale chronique.Des travaux menés chez l'animal ont permis d'étudier l'effet de 2 souches probiotiques et de leur surnageant puis du rebamipide, agent mucoprotecteur renforçant la barrière épithéliale, sur un modèle de colite développée par les souris déficientes en interleukine-10 et potentialisée par l'infection par Helicobacter hepaticus. L'effet pro-inflammatoire exercé par une espèce émergente en pathologie humaine, Helicobacter pullorum, a été évalué sur des lignées cellulaires intestinales. Il semble inpliquer la voie du NF-kB et pourrait être lié à son lipopolysaccharide. Les résultats préliminaires d'une étude cas-témoin, transversale et multicentrique française suggèrent que les bactéries du genre Helicobacter pourraient être associées à la récidive post-opératoire de la maladie de Crohn.Helicobacter species could be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. The aim of this work was to study their effect on chronic intestinal inflammation. First, two probiotic strains or their supernatant and rebamipide, an original molecule with mucosal protective properties improving the epithelial barrier, were studied on the murine model of colitis observed on interleukin-10 deficient mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus. Second, the pro-inflammatory effect of emerging pathogen specie, Helicobacter pullorum, was assessed on epithelial cell lines. It could be lipopolysaccharide-induced, involving NF-kB pathway. Third, preliminary results of a wide prospective French case-control study suggested that Helicobacter species could be associated with Crohn's disease post-operative recurrence.BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF