Rapid Ice Retreat in Disko Bugt Supported by 10Be Dating of the Last Recession of the Western Greenland Ice Sheet

Due to rising sea levels and warming ocean currents, marine-based sectors of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are particularly vulnerable to warming climate. Reconstructions of the timing of marine-based ice margin fluctuations in Greenland during the early Holocene can provide context for historical and modern observations of ice-sheet change. Here, we generate a 10Be chronology of ice-sheet retreat through Disko Bugt, western Greenland. Our new chronology, consisting of twelve 10Be ages from sites surrounding and within Disko Bugt, fills a gap in the history of the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet and allows for a continuous composite record of ice-margin recession between the continental shelf break and the current margin. We constrain the onset of ice-margin retreat from outer Disko Bugt to 10.8 ± 0.5 ka. When combined with previous chronologies, these results place the final Greenland Ice Sheet retreat out of Disko Bugt onto land at Jakobshavn Isfjord and Qasigiaanguit at 10.1 ± 0.3 ka, and later at 9.2 ± 0.1 ka in southeastern Disko Bugt. The rate of retreat during this time period is between ∼50–450 m a−1 for central Disko Bugt and ∼50–70 m a−1 along the southern coast of Disko Bugt. Deglaciation of Disko Bugt occurred ∼1000 years later than in neighboring Uummannaq Fjord to the north. This asynchrony in the timing of deglaciation suggests that local ice dynamics played an important role in the retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet from large marine embayments in western Greenland

¿Qué hemos aprendido del estudio longitudinal Niños del Milenio en el Perú? : síntesis de hallazgos

Desde el 2001, Niños del Milenio se caracterizó por ser un estudio ambicioso. Fue diseñado para entender de qué manera la pobreza infantil se asociaba o tenía impacto en el desarrollo de alrededor de 12 000 niños y niñas de 4 países: Etiopía, India, Perú y Vietnam. Al mismo tiempo, se buscaba que estos resultados fueran relevantes no solo para la comunidad académica, sino también para las personas que toman decisiones en políticas y programas, tanto en cada país como a escala internacional. Con estos fines, el diseño del estudio contempló inicialmente el seguimiento de dos grupos a lo largo de su niñez, adolescencia y adultez temprana. La selección de los participantes en el Perú se realizó de manera aleatoria, excluyendo al 5% de distritos más ricos del país, dado el énfasis del estudio en comprender las dinámicas de la pobreza. A los dos grupos de participantes en el estudio los llamamos cohorte mayor, nacida en 1994, y cohorte menor, nacida en el 2001. Iniciamos la recolección de datos de la cohorte mayor con cerca de 750 niños y niñas de 8 años de edad en promedio, mientras que la menor se inició con poco más de 2000 niños y niñas de 1 año de edad en promedio. A ellos y a sus familiares se les aplicaron encuestas en sus hogares, las cuales se realizaron en los años 2002, 2006, 2009, 2013 y 2016, llamadas ronda 1 a ronda 5, sucesivamente. El diseño del estudio y el momento de recolección de datos permitieron comparar los niveles de desarrollo de niños y niñas de la misma edad, pero en diferentes momentos. Al finalizar cada ronda, se publicó un informe breve con los principales resultados, así como informes más detallados con estudios sobre temáticas específicas. Junto con las encuestas de hogares, se ha recogido información sobre las comunidades donde viven los niños y niñas. Asimismo, se ha realizado algunos subestudios. El primero es un estudio cualitativo que se desarrolló en los cuatro países, también de manera longitudinal. En este seguimos a una submuestra de 51 niños, niñas y jóvenes por país, de ambas cohortes, en los años 2007, 2008-2009, 2011 y 2014. Estos datos han permitido profundizar en aspectos clave de la infancia, como la transición hacia la escuela primaria y secundaria, y las transiciones hacia la vida adulta: el trabajo, la educación superior o técnica, y la maternidad y paternidad. Con ello se ha contribuido, además, a la comprensión subjetiva del bienestar infantil en general y, específicamente, en relación con el acceso a servicios —educación y salud—. Finalmente, en dos momentos, 2011 y 2017, hemos visitado a las niñas y niños integrantes de una submuestra de la cohorte menor, así como a sus pares, en instituciones educativas tanto de primaria como de secundaria. Estas encuestas, que se han enfocado en las oportunidades educativas de diferentes grupos de estudiantes, nos sirvieron para analizar si existe una correlación entre, por una parte, los antecedentes individuales y familiares de un niño o niña; y por la otra, la calidad de la institución educativa a la que asiste. El conjunto de datos recogidos nos permite contar con abundantes insumos para analizar factores relevantes de la vida y el desarrollo de los participantes en el estudio. Este ejercicio de recolección de datos arroja dos resultados interesantes. El primero es la impresionante movilidad de las familias en el Perú. En la primera ronda, los niños de la cohorte menor se encontraban en 27 distritos; y los de la cohorte mayor, en 24. En la quinta ronda, los niños de la cohorte menor se encontraban en 209 distritos y 7 países extranjeros; y los de la cohorte mayor, en 115 distritos y 5 países extranjeros. El segundo resultado interesante es que, en casi cualquier indicador revisado —por ejemplo, en educación, los años completados de estudios o el rendimiento en pruebas; o en salud, el porcentaje con desnutrición crónica—, encontramos mejores resultados para la cohorte menor que para la mayor. Esto seguramente se explica por las circunstancias en que ambas cohortes nacieron: la mayor, en momentos en que el Perú empezaba a recuperarse luego de años de violencia y crisis económica; y la menor, cuando gran parte del país estaba en paz, la recuperación económica era más firme y se había restablecido la democracia. Si bien este hallazgo aporta esperanza sobre el futuro, no se debe soslayar el hecho de que en el país persisten inmensas brechas en oportunidades y resultados entre grupos de la población. Por ejemplo, aunque la pobreza se ha reducido considerablemente desde que Niños del Milenio empezó a recolectar datos, sigue siendo un factor que limita el potencial de desarrollo de un grupo de la población. La pobreza, sin embargo, no viene sola, sino que a menudo se combina con otras características individuales y familiares que pueden dificultar el contexto en el que se desarrolla un peruano o peruana. Así, durante estos 15 años, hemos podido ver que las oportunidades y resultados son menores para niños y jóvenes que han crecido en una zona rural, cuya madre cuenta con poca educación o cuya familia es indígena. Cuando estas tres características se presentan en un individuo o familia —lo que ocurre en muchos casos—, los retos son aún mayores. Las niñas y las jóvenes también enfrentan dificultades en su desarrollo, vinculadas sobre todo a nociones tradicionales acerca de cómo debería ser y qué debería hacer una mujer en el Perú

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Lifestyle Management of Hypertension: International Society of Hypertension Position Paper Endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension

Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) \u3e140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools

Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension

Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools

Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals

Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide, but the effects of fragmentation (the spatial arrangement of remaining habitat) are debated. We tested the hypothesis that forest fragmentation sensitivity—affected by avoidance of habitat edges—should be driven by historical exposure to, and therefore species’ evolutionary responses to disturbance. Using a database containing 73 datasets collected worldwide (encompassing 4489 animal species), we found that the proportion of fragmentation-sensitive species was nearly three times as high in regions with low rates of historical disturbance compared with regions with high rates of disturbance (i.e., fires, glaciation, hurricanes, and deforestation). These disturbances coincide with a latitudinal gradient in which sensitivity increases sixfold at low versus high latitudes. We conclude that conservation efforts to limit edges created by fragmentation will be most important in the world’s tropical forests

Strong Carbon Features and a Red Early Color in the Underluminous Type Ia SN 2022xkq

We present optical, infrared, ultraviolet, and radio observations of SN 2022xkq, an underluminous fast-declining type Ia supernova (SN Ia) in NGC 1784 ($\mathrm{D}\approx31$ Mpc), from $<1$ to 180 days after explosion. The high-cadence observations of SN 2022xkq, a photometrically transitional and spectroscopically 91bg-like SN Ia, cover the first days and weeks following explosion which are critical to distinguishing between explosion scenarios. The early light curve of SN 2022xkq has a red early color and exhibits a flux excess which is more prominent in redder bands; this is the first time such a feature has been seen in a transitional/91bg-like SN Ia. We also present 92 optical and 19 near-infrared (NIR) spectra, beginning 0.4 days after explosion in the optical and 2.6 days after explosion in the NIR. SN 2022xkq exhibits a long-lived C I 1.0693 $\mu$m feature which persists until 5 days post-maximum. We also detect C II $\lambda$6580 in the pre-maximum optical spectra. These lines are evidence for unburnt carbon that is difficult to reconcile with the double detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. No existing explosion model can fully explain the photometric and spectroscopic dataset of SN 2022xkq, but the considerable breadth of the observations is ideal for furthering our understanding of the processes which produce faint SNe Ia.Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, the figure 15 input models and synthetic spectra are now available at https://zenodo.org/record/837925

The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra. \ua9 2015. The American Astronomical Society

First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of 7.2× 6.1× 7.0 m3. It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV/c to 7 GeV/c. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for that module. This paper describes the beam line, the time projection chamber, the photon detectors, the cosmic-ray tagger, the signal processing and particle reconstruction. It presents the first results on ProtoDUNE-SP\u27s performance, including noise and gain measurements, dE/dx calibration for muons, protons, pions and electrons, drift electron lifetime measurements, and photon detector noise, signal sensitivity and time resolution measurements. The measured values meet or exceed the specifications for the DUNE far detector, in several cases by large margins. ProtoDUNE-SP\u27s successful operation starting in 2018 and its production of large samples of high-quality data demonstrate the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design