Dimethyl (2-hydr­oxy-4-phenyl­but-3-en-2-yl)phospho­nate

In the title compound, C12H17O4P, the phenyl­butenyl group is disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.755 (12):0.245 (12). In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur, forming R 2 2(10) ring motifs. The packing is consolidated by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Dimethyl (1-hydr­oxy-1,2-diphenyl­ethyl)phospho­nate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H19O4P, the coordination around the P atom is distorted tetra­hedral. The aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 72.28 (11)°. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding result in the formation of five- and six-membered rings. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules. There is also a weak C—H⋯π inter­action

Dimethyl [hydr­oxy(2-nitro­phen­yl)meth­yl]phospho­nate

In the title compound, C9H12NO6P, intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form five- and six-membered rings. In the crystal, inversion dimers lined by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur with ring motifs R 2 2(10). The O atom of the hydr­oxy group behaves as an accepter and the benzene ring as donor. Adjacent dimers are connected through O—H⋯O links

Diethyl (1-hydr­oxy-1-phenyl­ethyl)phospho­nate

The title compound, C12H19O4P, has a distorted tetra­hedral geometry around the P atom. The molecules form dimers with R 2 2(10) ring motifs due to inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The double-bonded O atom of the phospho­nate group behaves as an acceptor and the hydr­oxy group acts as a donor. Both of the ethyl groups are disordered with occupancies of 0.55:0.45 and 0.725:0.275

Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study.

INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.Peer reviewe

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022) : National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (517), 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9)

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022.In this article the author name ‘Agustin Ibanez’ was incorrectly written as ‘Augustin Ibanez’. The original article has been corrected.Peer reviewe

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic.

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics