Misanthropic Person Memory when the Need to Self-Enhance is Absent

This research examined the role that the removal of the need or ability to self-enhance can play in the misanthropic processing of attributed behavioral information (i.e., remembering best negative, internally attributed behaviors and positive externally attributed behaviors). Experiment 1demonstrated that removing a person’s need to self-enhance by increasing his or her self-esteem eliminated misanthropic memory, whereas misanthropy was preserved for control participants and perceivers who had experienced a decrease in self-esteem. Furthermore, controlling for participants’ self-evaluations eliminated the memory pattern differences between the two experimental conditions. Experiment 2 demonstrated that canceling the ability to self-enhance by having perceivers form an impression of themselves eliminated the misanthropy effect. However, the misanthropy effect was replicated when perceivers learned about an unknown other. The results were discussed with regard to the situations and factors that can increase or reduce the need to self-enhance and their implications for social information processing.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68679/2/10.1177_0146167299025002011.pd

Persistent Correlation of Ghrelin Plasma Levels with Body Mass Index Both in Stable Weight Conditions and during Gastric-bypass-induced Weight Loss

Background: Studies done on serial changes in plasma ghrelin levels after gastric bypass (GBP) have yielded contrasting results since decreased, unchanged, or increased levels have been reported in the literature. This study investigates whether or not GBP has an inhibitory effect on fasting ghrelin levels independently of weight loss. Methods: Fasting ghrelin levels were measured in 115 stable body weight females, classified as normal body weight (NW; body mass index (BMI) 50kg/m2). Results: Each obese subgroup showed significantly lower ghrelin levels as compared to both NW (p < 0.0001) and OW subjects (p < 0.05 or 0.005); however, no significant differences were observed within the three obese subgroups. Forty-nine obese patients underwent a GBP. Plasma ghrelin, measured at 3, 6, and 12months after GBP, significantly increased from the sixth month on (p < 0.0001). When patients were classified, at each postoperative time point, according to their actual BMI, ghrelin was significantly (p = 0.0002) related to postoperative BMI and not significantly different from ghrelin measured in stable body weight conditions. Conclusions: Fasting ghrelin displays an inversely significant correlation with BMI in both stable body weight conditions and after GBP. No evidence was found that GBP had an effect on fasting ghrelin levels, independent of weight los

Advanced Hybrid Spacesuit Concept Featuring Integrated Open Loop and Closed Loop Ventilation Systems

A document discusses the design and prototype of an advanced spacesuit concept that integrates the capability to function seamlessly with multiple ventilation system approaches. Traditionally, spacesuits are designed to operate both dependently and independently of a host vehicle environment control and life support system (ECLSS). Spacesuits that operate independent of vehicle-provided ECLSS services must do so with equipment selfcontained within or on the spacesuit. Suits that are dependent on vehicle-provided consumables must remain physically connected to and integrated with the vehicle to operate properly. This innovation is the design and prototype of a hybrid spacesuit approach that configures the spacesuit to seamlessly interface and integrate with either type of vehicular systems, while still maintaining the ability to function completely independent of the vehicle. An existing Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES) was utilized as the platform from which to develop the innovation. The ACES was retrofitted with selected components and one-off items to achieve the objective. The ventilation system concept was developed and prototyped/retrofitted to an existing ACES. Components were selected to provide suit connectors, hoses/umbilicals, internal breathing system ducting/ conduits, etc. The concept utilizes a lowpressure- drop, high-flow ventilation system that serves as a conduit from the vehicle supply into the suit, up through a neck seal, into the breathing helmet cavity, back down through the neck seal, out of the suit, and returned to the vehicle. The concept also utilizes a modified demand-based breathing system configured to function seamlessly with the low-pressure-drop closed-loop ventilation system

Prevalence and correlates of anal sex among secondary school students in Cape Town, South Africa

Research efforts have overlooked anal sex as a risk factor for adolescents’ acquisition of HIV despite the high rates of HIV among South African youth. Here, we report findings from a survey conducted in 2012 among secondary school youth, ages 16–24, in Cape Town. 937 adolescents completed a pencil-and-paper survey. Eleven and 31% of female and male youth, respectively, reported ever having anal sex. By comparison, 59% and 78% of female and male youth reported ever having vaginal sex. The percentage of youth reporting lifetime rates of anal sex increased with age: 32% of 20-to-24 year olds had anal sex compared to 16% of 16-to-17-year olds. When the sample was stratified by sex, this difference appeared to be driven by older male, but not female, sexual behavior. Despite noted differences in prevalence rates by sex, both boys and girls who had anal sex were more likely than their same-sex peers who had vaginal sex to report sexual coercion victimization and perpetration experiences and inconsistent condom use. Interestingly, some differences in HIV motivation, information, and behavioral skills were noted for youth who had vaginal sex versus youth who had never had sex; scores were largely similar for youth who had anal sex versus youth who had never had sex however. Together, these findings suggest that anal sex is not uncommon and may be an important marker for other HIV risk behaviors in at least one lower income South African community. Anal sex needs to be explicitly discussed in adolescent HIV prevention and healthy sexuality programing, incorporating age-relevant scenarios about negotiating condoms and other healthy relationship behaviors (e.g., refusing sex when it is not wanted)

Herschel observations of the Herbig-Haro objects HH52-54

We are aiming at the observational estimation of the relative contribution to the cooling by CO and H2O, as this provides decisive information for the understanding of the oxygen chemistry behind interstellar shock waves. Methods. The high sensitivity of HIFI, in combination with its high spectral resolution capability, allows us to trace the H2O outflow wings at unprecedented signal-to-noise. From the observation of spectrally resolved H2O and CO lines in the HH52-54 system, both from space and from ground, we arrive at the spatial and velocity distribution of the molecular outflow gas. Solving the statistical equilibrium and non-LTE radiative transfer equations provides us with estimates of the physical parameters of this gas, including the cooling rate ratios of the species. The radiative transfer is based on an ALI code, where we use the fact that variable shock strengths, distributed along the front, are naturally implied by a curved surface. Based on observations of CO and H2O spectral lines, we conclude that the emission is confined to the HH54 region. The quantitative analysis of our observations favours a ratio of the CO-to-H2O-cooling-rate >> 1. From the best-fit model to the CO emission, we arrive at an H2O abundance close to 1e-5. The line profiles exhibit two components, one of which is triangular and another, which is a superposed, additional feature. This additional feature likely originates from a region smaller than the beam where the ortho-water abundance is smaller than in the quiescent gas. Comparison with recent shock models indicate that a planar shock can not easily explain the observed line strengths and triangular line profiles.We conclude that the geometry can play an important role. Although abundances support a scenario where J-type shocks are present, higher cooling rate ratios than predicted by these type of shocks are derived.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Subadventitial stenting around occluded stents: A bailout technique to recanalize in-stent chronic total occlusions

To evaluate the outcomes of subadventitial stenting (SS) around occluded stents for recanalizing in-stent chronic total occlusions (IS-CTOs).There is little evidence on the outcomes of SS for IS-CTO.We examined the outcomes of SS for IS-CTO PCI at 14 centers between July 2011 and June 2017, and compared them to historical controls recanalized using within-stent stenting (WSS). Target-vessel failure (TVF) on follow-up was the endpoint of this study, and was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, and target-vessel revascularization.During study period, 422 IS-CTO PCIs were performed, of which 32 (7.6%) were recanalized with SS, usually when conventional approaches failed. The most frequent CTO vessel was the right coronary artery (72%). Mean J-CTO score was 3.1 ± 0.9. SS was antegrade in 53%, and retrograde in 47%. Part of the occluded stent was crushed in 37%, while the whole stent was crushed in 63%. Intravascular imaging was used in 59%. One patient (3.1%) suffered tamponade. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 10/32 patients: stents were patent in six cases, one had mild neointimal hyperplasia, and three had severe restenosis at the SS site. Clinical follow-up was available for 29/32 patients for a mean of 388 ± 303 days. The 24-month incidence of TVF was 13.8%, which was similar to historical controls treated with WSS (19.5%, P = 0.49).SS is rarely performed, usually as last resort, to recanalize complex IS-CTOs. It is associated with favorable acute and mid-term outcomes, but given the small sample size of our study additional research is warranted

A General Catalogue of Molecular Hydrogen Emission-Line Objects (MHOs) in Outflows from Young Stars

We present a catalogue of Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects (MHOs) in outflows from young stars, most of which are embedded. All objects are identified in the near-infrared lines of molecular hydrogen, all reside in the Milky Way, and all are associated with jets or molecular outflows from young stars. Objects in both low and high-mass star forming regions are included. This catalogue complements the existing database of Herbig-Haro objects; indeed, for completeness, HH objects that are detected in H2 emission are included in the MHO catalogue.Comment: 8 Pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Searchable catalogue/Data tables available from http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/UKIRT/MHCat

The Spitzer Survey of Interstellar Clouds in the Gould Belt. III. A Multi-Wavelength View of Corona Australis

We present Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS observations of a 0.85 deg^2 field including the Corona Australis (CrA) star-forming region. At a distance of 130 pc, CrA is one of the closest regions known to be actively forming stars, particularly within its embedded association, the Coronet. Using the Spitzer data, we identify 51 young stellar objects (YSOs) in CrA which include sources in the well-studied Coronet cluster as well as distributed throughout the molecular cloud. Twelve of the YSOs discussed are new candidates, one of which is located in the Coronet. Known YSOs retrieved from the literature are also added to the list, and a total of 116 candidate YSOs in CrA are compiled. Based on these YSO candidates, the star formation rate is computed to be 12 M_o Myr^-1, similar to that of the Lupus clouds. A clustering analysis was also performed, finding that the main cluster core, consisting of 68 members, is elongated (having an aspect ratio of 2.36), with a circular radius of 0.59 pc and mean surface density of 150 pc^-2. In addition, we analyze outflows and jets in CrA by means of new CO and H_2 data. We present 1.3 mm interferometric continuum observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) covering R CrA, IRS 5, IRS 7, and IRAS 18595-3712 (IRAS 32). We also present multi-epoch H_2 maps and detect jets and outflows, study their proper motions, and identify exciting sources. The Spitzer and ISAAC/VLT observations of IRAS 32 show a bipolar precessing jet, which drives a CO (2-1) outflow detected in the SMA observations. There is also clear evidence for a parsec-scale precessing outflow, E-W oriented, and originating in the SMA 2 region, likely driven by SMA 2 or IRS 7A.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJS. 112 pages, 42 figures (quality reduced), 13 tables. Full resolution version can be found at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~dpeterson/CrA/CrA_highres.pd

LABOCA 870 micron dust continuum mapping of selected infrared-dark cloud regions in the Galactic plane

We have mapped four selected about 0.5 deg x 0.5 deg-sized fields containing Spitzer 8-micron dark regions with APEX/LABOCA at 870 micron. Selected positions in the fields were observed in C17O(2-1) to obtain kinematic information. The obtained LABOCA maps are used in conjunction with the Spitzer IR images. The total number of clumps identified in this survey is 91, out of which 40 (44%) appear dark at 8 and 24 micron. The remaining clumps are associated with mid-IR emission. Many of the identified clumps are massive enough to allow high-mass star formation, and some of them already show clear signposts of that. Seven clumps associated with extended-like 4.5 micron emission are candidate extended green objects (EGOs). Filamentary dust "ridges" were found towards the Spitzer bubbles N10/11 in one of our fields, which conforms to the triggered high-mass star formation in the system. The relative number of IR-dark and IR-bright clumps suggest that the duration of the former stage is about 1.6x10^5 yr. The mass distribution of the total sample of clumps, and that separately constructed for the IR-dark and IR-bright clumps, could be fitted at the high-mass end with the power-law function dN/dlogM ~ M^(-0.8...-0.7). The C17O observation positions appear to be dominated by non-thermal motions, and the data also revealed some potential sites of strong CO depletion. In G11.36+0.80, which is the best example of a filamentary IRDC in our sample, the clumps appear to be gravitationally bound. The fragmentation of the filament can be understood in terms of a "sausage"-type fluid instability, in agreement with the results for other IRDCs. The formation of filamentary IRDCs might be caused by converging turbulent flows, and the same process may play a role in exciting the fluid perturbations responsible for the fragmentation of the clouds into clumps.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, and 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Body composition after endogenous (Cushing's syndrome) and exogenous (rheumatoid arthritis) exposure to glucocorticoids

Exposure to chronic glucocorticoid (GC) excess determines changes in body composition. The aim of the study was to compare body composition in women exposed to endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome, CS), exogenous glucocorticoid treatment (rheumatoid arthritis, RA) and controls. Fifty-one CS women, 26 RA women treated with low-dose prednisone (5 mg/day or 10 mg/2 days), and 78 female controls were included. Fourteen CS patients were hypercortisolemic, 37 in remission (10 required hydrocortisone substitution after surgery). Body composition parameters were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning (DEXA). RA patients had a greater waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p<0.01), less lean body mass (LBM) (p<0.01), and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) (p<0.01) than controls. CS patients, globally and those with cured disease, had more total fat (both percentage and kg) and trunk fat percentage, and less whole body-BMD than RA patients (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Active CS patients had less whole body-BMD and more LBM than RA patients (p<0.05, p=0.01, respectively). Cured CS patients not taking hydrocortisone had more total fat [both percentage (p<0.05) and kg (p<0.05)], trunk fat percentage (p<0.05), lumbar BMD (p<0.01) than RA patients. Cured CS patients requiring hydrocortisone only differed from RA patients by smaller WHR (p<0.01). All the differences in BMD disappeared when the data were reanalyzed including only the estrogen-deficient groups. Hypercortisoliof CS determines an irreversible increase in body fat, greater than in RA. Endogenous and exogenous exposure to GC negatively affects body composition by increasing the WHR. There appears to be no additional effect on BMD in estrogen-deficient women