Herschel observations of embedded protostellar clusters in the Rosette molecular cloud

The Herschel OB young stellar objects survey (HOBYS) has observed the Rosette molecular cloud, providing an unprecedented view of its star formation activity. These new far-infrared data reveal a population of compact young stellar objects whose physical properties we aim to characterise. We compiled a sample of protostars and their spectral energy distributions that covers the near-infrared to submillimetre wavelength range. These were used to constrain key properties in the protostellar evolution, bolometric luminosity, and envelope mass and to build an evolutionary diagram. Several clusters are distinguished including the cloud centre, the embedded clusters in the vicinity of luminous infrared sources, and the interaction region. The analysed protostellar population in Rosette ranges from 0.1 to about 15 M_☉ with luminosities between 1 and 150 L_☉, which extends the evolutionary diagram from low-mass protostars into the high-mass regime. Some sources lack counterparts at near- to mid-infrared wavelengths, indicating extreme youth. The central cluster and the Phelps & Lada 7 cluster appear less evolved than the remainder of the analysed protostellar population. For the central cluster, we find indications that about 25% of the protostars classified as Class I from near- to mid-infrared data are actually candidate Class 0 objects. As a showcase for protostellar evolution, we analysed four protostars of low- to intermediate-mass in a single dense core, and they represent different evolutionary stages from Class 0 to Class I. Their mid- to far-infrared spectral slopes flatten towards the Class I stage, and the 160 to 70 μm flux ratio is greatest for the presumed Class 0 source. This shows that the Herschel observations characterise the earliest stages of protostellar evolution in detail

The Spanish Synthetic Future as a Means of Expression of Inference

The present paper analyses the inferential use of the Spanish synthetic future form, i.e. examples in which the future is used as an inferential marker. The examples are retrieved from the search engine GlossaNet, more precisely, from the Spanish daily newspapers El País and El Mundo. This study does not aim to be a quantitative one. It is a qualitative study where the data are used to verify/refute the theoretical basis. It is, for example, not my intention to show in how many cases of a certain total amount of uses the Spanish synthetic future form is used to express inference. It is argued that the label “inferential future” (instead of “epistemic future”) should be preferred. Additionally, the synthetic future is shown to convey inferences of different strengths: será + sin duda (“it will/must be + without a doubt”), for instance, represents a stronger inference, while with será + probablemente (“it will/must be + probably”) a weaker inference is expressed

How might we provide mental health support for international students at UNIST with the usage of digital technologies

Department of Creative Design EngineeringWith the current increase of interest in mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, there has been investments and researches around the globe. However, there is very little focus towards a minority of international students and even less work on the design field for them. This thesis aims to provide mental health support solutions with the students on the role of decision-makers and put the designer on the role of facilitator at the South Korean university environment. Thus, we were able to provide empowerment to users with the user-centered design methodologies and design thinking. Combining these methods with a design sprint to further tailor down and bring meaningful solutions we were able to discover guidelines towards designing for international students mental health based on the following needs: trust, staff limitations, information, awareness, and perception. Based on our empirical studies we were able to conduct a design sprint with six students from UNIST and found out that the solutions provided by them mostly fall into four different categories: social fabric, advising and supporting, information and guidance with digital solutions, and improvement of wellbeing or quality of life. With the aim to tackle those needs we decided to continue the research with a temporary solution based on a chatbot. On this digital application, users would be able to do screenings and check on their mental health status and, provided with their scores, be able to see other students result in the form of an average score and their own progress on that screening score, creating a reliable resource for future encounters with health care professionals. In the end, we are able to provide a different point of view on a rising field of interest for technology and data use with guidelines that can help design and how we believe tackling them can be done with a digital solution.ope