Mechanical behaviors and biomedical applications of shape memory materials: A review

A shape memory material (shape memory alloy (SMA) or shape memory polymer (SMP)) can experience large deformation and recover its original shape when exposed to a specific external stimulus. Shape memory materials have drawn significant attention due to their applications in biomedical devices, which typically require appropriate mechanical biocompatibility, including elastic modulus compatibility, adequate strength and fracture toughness, and superior fatigue resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of mechanisms and biomedical applications of some common SMAs and SMPs, experimental evidences on their mechanical biocompatibility, and some key aspects of computational modeling. Challenges and progress in developing new shape memory materials for biomedical applications are also presented

Wafer-scale functional circuits based on two dimensional semiconductors with fabrication optimized by machine learning

10.1038/s41467-021-26230-xNature Communications121595

Overview of recent experimental results on the EAST Tokamak

Since the last IAEA-FEC in 2021, significant progress on the development of long pulse steady state scenario and its related key physics and technologies have been achieved, including the reproducible 403 s long-pulse steady-state H-mode plasma with pure radio frequency (RF) power heating. A thousand-second time scale (∼1056 s) fully non-inductive plasma with high injected energy up to 1.73 GJ has also been achieved. The EAST operational regime of high βP has been significantly extended (H98y2 > 1.3, βP ∼ 4.0, βN ∼ 2.4 and ne/nGW ∼ 1.0) using RF and neutral beam injection (NBI). The full edge localized mode suppression using the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations has been achieved in ITER-like standard type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas with q95 ≈ 3.1 on EAST, extrapolating favorably to the ITER baseline scenario. The sustained large ELM control and stable partial detachment have been achieved with Ne seeding. The underlying physics of plasma-beta effect for error field penetration, where toroidal effect dominates, is disclosed by comparing the results in cylindrical theory and MARS-Q simulation in EAST. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (<0.3 V m−1) with EC pre-ionization is developed. A beneficial role on the lower hybrid wave injection to control the tungsten concentration in the NBI discharge is observed for the first time in EAST suggesting a potential way toward steady-state H-mode NBI operation