Revision of perineal urethrostomy using a meshed split-thickness skin graft

Perineal urethrostomy is considered to be the last option to restore voiding in complex/recurrent urethral stricture disease. It is also a necessary procedure after penectomy or urethrectomy. Stenosis of the perineal urethrostomy has been reported in up to 30% of cases. There is no consensus on how to treat a stenotic perineal urethrostomy, but, in general, a form of urinary diversion is offered to the patient. We present the case of a young male who underwent perineal urethrostomy after urethrectomy for urethral cancer. The postoperative period was complicated by wound dehiscence with subsequent complete obliteration of the perineal urethrostomy. Revision surgery was performed with reopening of the obliterated urethral stump and coverage of the skin defect between the urethra and the perineal/scrotal skin with a meshed split-thickness skin graft. To date, this patient is voiding well and satisfied with the offered solution

On Carbon Storage and Substitution Factors of Harvested Wood Products in the Context of Climate Change Impacts of the Norwegian Forest Sector

Harvested wood products (HWP) contribute to climate change mitigation via two main mechanisms: carbon storage and substitution. The authors examined the data on carbon storage and substitution factors of HWPs that are relevant in evaluating the climate change mitigation potential in the context of the Norwegian forest sector. While there seem to be many uncertainties in these parameters, the data suggest that several uses of wood for industrial products come with clear carbon substitution benefits and, in some cases, provide long-term carbon storage. Such wood products could play an important role in climate-friendly bioeconomic transformation. In particular, the authors considered wood- based construction materials, textile fibres, and insulation materials as examples of such products with potential in future bioeconomy. The decay of the carbon stored in HWP pools over time is often modelled using the product half-lives that correspond to the number of years it takes for the carbon in a pool to be reduced to half of its initial value. Using the default half-life values of greenhouse gases reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the average half-life of carbon in HWPs produced by the forest industry in Norway of today is approximately 21 years. Shifting some of the use of pulpwood and sawn wood chips from producing paper and pellets to produce insulation materials or panels for construction would increase the time carbon is stored in the HWP pool. Accounting for the large uncertainty in the carbon substitution parameters of HWPs found in this study, a cautious estimate of the substitution benefits of HWPs produced in Norway can be considered to amount to at least 5 Mt CO2. Redirecting some pulpwood use from paper production to the production of textile fibres and the above-mentioned construction materials would increase the substitution benefits

Attachment relationships and emotional intelligence in preschoolers.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between attachment relationships with mothers and fathers and emotional intelligence in a sample of 31 preschool age children. Based on a review of attachment theory and research, it was hypothesized that both secure maternal and paternal attachment relationships would be associated with higher levels of emotional intelligence, and that attachment to mother would emerge as a more important predictor of emotional intelligence. A multi-method approach was utilized, including parents\u27 ratings of attachment relationships, teacher ratings of socioemotional competence, and children\u27s performance on a variety of measures designed to assess aspects of emotional self-awareness, empathy, and achievement orientation. Results generally failed to support an association between maternal attachment and emotional intelligence. However, a more secure attachment relationship with father was found to be associated with lower levels of externalizing behavioural difficulties for the total sample. Analyses completed to examine the combined effect of both attachment relationships revealed no statistically significant findings. When analyses were completed separately according to the sex of the child and parent, results revealed relatively distinctive patterns in which maternal attachment relationships were associated with particular aspects of achievement orientation (i.e., impulse control) for girls but with no aspects of emotional intelligence for boys, and in which more secure paternal attachment relationships were associated primarily with lower rates of externalizing problems for girls and with aspects of achievement orientation (i.e., higher self-evaluation and more internal locus of control) and overall emotional intelligence for boys. Children\u27s age, sex and receptive language skills, included as covariates, were also found to be associated in predictable ways with the development of emotional intelligence. Findings are discussed in the context of theory and research on attachment relationships, as well as in terms of methodological limitations of the study. The utility of the construct of emotional intelligence is then considered, particularly in light of the present study\u27s attempt to develop a measure of emotional self-awareness in preschool age children.Dept. of Psychology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2000 .H68. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-10, Section: B, page: 4818. Adviser: Robert Orr. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2000

Load Monitoring Practice in European Elite Football and the Impact of Club Culture and Financial Resources

Load monitoring is considered important to manage the physical training process in team sports such as Association Football. Previous studies have described the load monitoring practices of elite English football clubs and clubs with an established sports-science department. An examination of a broader international sample is currently not available. In addition, previous research has suggested factors that may improve the implementation of load monitoring practices, such as a strong club belief on the benefit of evidence-based practice (EBP) and high club financial resources. However, no study has examined yet the actual impact of these factors on the monitoring practices. Therefore, this study aims (1) to provide an overview of load monitoring practices in European elite football and (2) to provide insight into the differences in implementation between clubs by examining the impact of the club beliefs on the benefit of EBP and the club financial resources. An online survey, consisting of multiple choice and Likert scale questions, was distributed among sports-science and sports-medicine staff (n = 99, 50% response rate). Information was asked about the types of data collected, collection purposes, analysis methods, and staff involvement. The results indicated that external load data (e.g., global navigation satellite system, accelerometer…) was collected the most whilst respondents also indicated to collect internal load (e.g., heart rate, rating of perceived exertion…) and training outcome data (e.g., aerobic fitness, neuromuscular fatigue…) for multiple purposes. Considerable diversity in data analysis was observed suggesting that analysis is often limited to reporting the gathered data. Sports-science staff were responsible for data collection and analysis. Other staff were involved in data discussion to share decision-making. These practices were positively impacted by a stronger club belief on the benefit of EBP and greater financial resources. Creating an organizational culture, characterized by a strong belief on the benefit of EBP, is important to increase the impact of load monitoring. However, the actual potential may still be largely determined by financial resources. High-level clubs could therefore play a leading role in generating and sharing knowledge to improve training practices and player health

External load differences between elite youth and professional football players:ready for take-off?

This study examines differences in weekly load between the first (FT) and the under 19 team (U19) within a professional football setting. Data were collected in 11 FT and 9 U19 players (2016-2017 season). FT data was divided into weeks with (FT-M1) or without (FT-M0) a mid-week match. Indicators were total distance (TD) and TD at 12-15, 15-20, 20-25 and >25 km‧h-1 and were analysed as external load (m), intensity (m‧min-1) and load monotony (a.u.). TD-based load was higher for U19 compared to FT-M0 (very likely moderate) and FT-M1 (likely large). Differences at higher velocities were substantially less (trivial to possibly small), with TD >25 km‧h-1 being lower than FT-M0 (very likely moderate) and FT-M1 (likely small). All intensity indicators were lower for U19 (likely small to almost certainly large). Load monotony was higher compared to FT-M1 (possibly small to almost certainly very large). Compared to FT-M0, monotony was higher for TD (possibly very large) and TD >25 km‧h‑1 (possibly moderate) but lower for TD 12-15 (possibly small) and 15-20 km‧h‑1 (likely moderate). So, despite higher weekly external loads at low velocity for elite youth players, external intensity and load variation increases when these players may transition to professional football. 

Load Monitoring Practice in Elite Women Association Football

The description of current load monitoring practices may serve to highlight developmental needs for both the training ground, academia and related industries. While previous studies described these practices in elite men's football, no study has provided an overview of load monitoring practices in elite women's football. Given the clear organizational differences (i.e., professionalization and infrastructure) between men's and women's clubs, making inferences based on men's data is not appropriate. Therefore, this study aims to provide a first overview of the current load monitoring practices in elite women's football. Twenty-two elite European women's football clubs participated in a closed online survey (40% response rate). The survey consisted of 33 questions using multiple choice or Likert scales. The questions covered three topics; type of data collected and collection purpose, analysis methods, and staff member involvement. All 22 clubs collected data related to different load monitoring purposes, with 18 (82%), 21 (95%), and 22 (100%) clubs collecting external load, internal load, and training outcome data, respectively. Most respondents indicated that their club use training models and take into account multiple indicators to analyse and interpret the data. While sports-science staff members were most involved in the monitoring process, coaching, and sports-medicine staff members also contributed to the discussion of the data. Overall, the results of this study show that most elite women's clubs apply load monitoring practices extensively. Despite the organizational challenges compared to men's football, these observations indicate that women's clubs have a vested interest in load monitoring. We hope these findings encourage future developments within women's football

High shear enrichment improves the performance of the anodophilic microbial consortium in a microbial fuel cell

In many microbial bioreactors, high shear rates result in strong attachment of microbes and dense biofilms. In this study, high shear rates were applied to enrich an anodophilic microbial consortium in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Enrichment at a shear rate of about 120 s(-1) resulted in the production of a current and power output two to three times higher than those in the case of low shear rates (around 0.3 s(-1)). Biomass and biofilm analyses showed that the anodic biofilm from the MFC enriched under high shear rate conditions, in comparison with that under low shear rate conditions, had a doubled average thickness and the biomass density increased with a factor 5. The microbial community of the former, as analysed by DGGE, was significantly different from that of the latter. The results showed that enrichment by applying high shear rates in an MFC can result in a specific electrochemically active biofilm that is thicker and denser and attaches better, and hence has a better performance

The role of Zic genes in inner ear development in the mouse: Exploring mutant mouse phenotypes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109293/1/dvdy24186.pd