7 research outputs found
Improving Quantum Circuit Synthesis with Machine Learning
In the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, finding implementations
of quantum algorithms that minimize the number of expensive and error prone
multi-qubit gates is vital to ensure computations produce meaningful outputs.
Unitary synthesis, the process of finding a quantum circuit that implements
some target unitary matrix, is able to solve this problem optimally in many
cases. However, current bottom-up unitary synthesis algorithms are limited by
their exponentially growing run times. We show how applying machine learning to
unitary datasets permits drastic speedups for synthesis algorithms. This paper
presents QSeed, a seeded synthesis algorithm that employs a learned model to
quickly propose resource efficient circuit implementations of unitaries. QSeed
maintains low gate counts and offers a speedup of in synthesis time
over the state of the art for a 64 qubit modular exponentiation circuit, a core
component in Shor's factoring algorithm. QSeed's performance improvements also
generalize to families of circuits not seen during the training process.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Quantum Hardware Roofline: Evaluating the Impact of Gate Expressivity on Quantum Processor Design
The design space of current quantum computers is expansive with no obvious
winning solution. This leaves practitioners with a clear question: "What is the
optimal system configuration to run an algorithm?". This paper explores
hardware design trade-offs across NISQ systems to guide algorithm and hardware
design choices. The evaluation is driven by algorithmic workloads and algorithm
fidelity models which capture architectural features such as gate expressivity,
fidelity, and crosstalk. We also argue that the criteria for gate design and
selection should be extended from maximizing average fidelity to a more
comprehensive approach that takes into account the gate expressivity with
respect to algorithmic structures. We consider native entangling gates (CNOT,
ECR, CZ, ZZ, XX, Sycamore, ), proposed gates (B Gate,
, ), as well as parameterized
gates (FSim, XY). Our methodology is driven by a custom synthesis driven
circuit compilation workflow, which is able to produce minimal circuit
representations for a given system configuration. By providing a method to
evaluate the suitability of algorithms for hardware platforms, this work
emphasizes the importance of hardware-software co-design for quantum computing
Drug attitude as predictor for effectiveness in first-episode schizophrenia: Results of an open randomized trial (EUFEST)
Effectiveness has become more and more important as a comprehensive outcome measure for (long-term) treatment in schizophrenia. Early predictors to identify patients at a high risk for not succeeding the initiated treatment would be very useful. Discontinuation of the initiated treatment was used as criterion for effectiveness and patients' drug attitude was shown to be predictive for non-adherence or discontinuation of long-term treatment in schizophrenia. Accordingly, the predictive validity of the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) for effectiveness should be evaluated. Based on a sub-sample of patients from the EUFEST study for whom DAI assessments were available significant predictors for effectiveness as measured by discontinuation of initiated treatment were identified based on a logistic and a Cox-regression analysis. A Receiver-Operating Characteristic- (ROC-) analysis was conducted for the DAI, prognostic / diagnostic parameters (sensitivity, specificity) were calculated and a cut-off value suggested. In a sample of 228 first-episode patients, the DAI score was the most powerful predictor for effectiveness (p<0.001) besides two other significant predictors (PANSS-positive score and sexual side effects). The ROC-analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.64 (p<0.001). The suggested cut-off point of about 20 yielded a sensitivity of 70-75% and a specificity of 40-45%. Study results indicate that the Drug Attitude Inventory, filled in by patients early in treatment seems to be a valid predictor for effectiveness as measured by discontinuation of the initiated treatment. DAI scores could also serve as an (differential) indicator for the need of enhanced treatment monitoring. These findings have to be validated in other (first-episode) samples