A Clash between the Business and Political Climates in Sweden - Gender in the European Structural Fund Partnerships

In this paper we highlight and discuss a Swedish equality paradox in two different spheres: entrepreneurship and politics. We focus on the EU Structural Funds and women entrepreneurs' access to resources through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Combining human geography and political science, we draw upon network and partnership theory posing questions concerning the room for manoeuvre for women entrepreneurs to gain access to relevant networks, to create new networks in order to establish relations with EU related partnerships, and to gain access to the process of allocating EU structural fund financial resources

Self-tuning bandpass filter

An electronic filter is described which simultaneously maintains a constant bandwidth and a constant center frequency gain as the input signal frequency varies, and remains self-tuning to that center frequency over a decade range. The filter utilizes a field effect transistor (FET) as a voltage variable resistance in the bandpass frequency determining circuit. The FET is responsive to a phase detector to achieve self-tuning

A self-tuning filter

Self-tuning filter automatically adjusts its center frequency to track signal frequency. This permits the use of a filter with a bandwidth smaller than the range of input signal frequencies

Precision full-wave rectifier

Simplified circuit uses one operational amplifier and two precision resistors. The amplifier is operated open loop for switching and closed loop for linear gain, both simultaneously

On the Ergodic Properties of Certain Additive Cellular Automata over ZmZ_{m}

In this paper, we investigate some ergodic properties of $Z^{2}$-actions $T_{p,n}$ generated by an additive cellular automata and shift acting on the space of all doubly -infinitive sequences taking values in $Z_{m}$.Comment: 5 pag

Bayesian signaling

This paper introduces private sender information into a sender-receiver game of Bayesian persuasion with monotonic sender preferences. I derive properties of increasing differences related to the precision of signals and use these to fully characterize the set of equilibria robust to the intuitive criterion. In particular, all such equilibria are either separating, i.e., the sender's choice of signal reveals his private information to the receiver, or fully disclosing, i.e., the outcome of the sender's chosen signal fully reveals the payoff-relevant state to the receiver. Incentive compatibility requires the high sender type to use sub-optimal signals and therefore generates a cost for the high sender type in comparison to a full information benchmark in which the receiver knows the sender's type. The receiver prefers the equilibrium outcome over this benchmark for large classes of monotonic sender preferences

Correspondence of Roger Hedlund: Sat Tal Conference 1987

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/rogerhedlundpapers/1314/thumbnail.jp

Microorganisms in the ears of dogs without otitis externa : a comparison between bacteriological, mycological and cytological examination

Kliniska sjukdomstecken från öronen i form av bland annat öronklåda, rodnad eller svullnad är vanliga orsaker till att hundägare söker veterinärvård. Inflammation i yttre hörselgången, s.k. extern otit, står för 10-20 % av alla veterinärbesök av hund. Cytologisk undersökning, samt ibland även bakteriologisk och mykologisk undersökning, ingår i diagnostiken vid öronproblem. För tolkning av dessa analyser krävs kunskaper om vilka mikroorganismer som finns i hundöron normalt, i de fall inga kliniska sjukdomstecken på extern otit uppvisas. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka normalfloran i hundöron utan tecken på extern otit genom bakteriologiska, mykologiska och cytologiska undersökningar. Resultaten från dessa undersökningar jämfördes och överensstämmelsen utvärderades. I studien ingick 100 öron från 50 hundar. Kriteriet för att hundarna skulle ingå i studien var inga pågående öronproblem, ingen antibiotikabehandling den senaste månaden (lokalt eller systemiskt) och att öronrengöring inte hade utförts veckan innan provtagningstillfället. I samband med provtagningen av öronen togs anamnestiska uppgifter av djurägaren och klinisk undersökning med kontroll att hunden var fri från öronproblem genomfördes. Prover togs från den vertikala hörselgången med två provtagningspinnar för cytologisk respektive bakteriologisk undersökning. Vid den cytologiska undersökningen studerades antalet jästsvampar, bakterier (stavar respektive kocker) och leukocyter i totalt 10 fält i 1000x förstoring (100x objektiv). Utifrån detta beräknades den genomsnittliga mängden av respektive cell eller mikroorganism i provet. Den bakteriologiska och mykologiska undersökningen utfördes genom direktutstryk på blod-, blå- och SAB-agar. Blod- och blåagar inkuberades i 37°C och avlästes efter 24 och 48 timmar. Om växt påvisades på någon av agarplattorna gjordes renodling och de renodlade kolonierna typades sedan genom MALDI-TOF MS. I de fall bakteriekolonierna inte kunde typas genom MALDI-TOF utfördes biokemiska tester. SAB- agar inkuberades i 30° och avlästes dagligen under totalt fem dygn. Vid den cytologiska undersökningen sågs jästsvamp hos 60 prov (60 %) och ett samband mellan den cytologiska undersökningen och odling på SAB-agar kunde påvisas. Ett statistiskt signifikant samband sågs mellan brunt sekret vid provtagningen och förekomst av jästsvamp i samband vid den cytologiska undersökningen. Bakterier kunde endast påvisas i prov från sju öron (7 %) vid cytologisk undersökning, samtliga var kocker. Vid den bakteriologiska odlingen påvisades växt från 58 öron. Hos dessa öron noterades totalt 115 bakteriekolonier och 86 av dem kunde typas genom MALDI-TOF. De mest förekommande genusen var Staphylococcus spp. (31), Micrococcus spp. (18) och Bacillus spp (16). De vanligaste arterna inom dessa genus var S. epidermidis, S. pseudintermedius, M. luteus och B. cereus. Resultaten visade en överensstämmelse mellan cytologisk undersökning och mykologisk odling i avseende på jästsvamp. Förekomsten av bakterier var överlägsen vid den bakteriologiska odlingen jämfört vid den cytologiska undersökningen. Det var dock få av de bakterier som påvisades som är kända för att vara orsak till extern otit hos hund. Dessutom var det inte riklig växt av bakterier i något av proven.Clinical signs related to the ears including swelling, redness or itching are common reasons for dog owners to seek veterinary care. Inflammation in the outer auditory canal, called otitis externa, is associated with 10-20% of all veterinary visits for dogs. Cytological examination, and sometimes also bacteriological examination, are part of the diagnostics regarding ear problems. In order to access the relevance of the results from cytological and bacteriological analyses knowledge is needed which microorganisms belong to the normal bacterial and mycological flora in the ears of dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal flora in the ears of dogs without clinical signs of otitis externa by bacteriological and cytological analyses. The results from these analyses were compared and the relationship was evaluated. This study included 100 ears from 50 dogs. The criteria for the dogs included in the study was no ear problems, not treated with antibiotics the last month (locally or systemically) and not any topical ear cleaners one week before sampling. Anamnestic information was given by the owner and a quick physical examination ensuring the dog was free from ear problem was performed. Samples were taken from the vertical ear canal with two swabs, one for cytological and one for bacterial analyses. In the cytological analyses the number of yeasts, bacteria (rods and cocci) and leukocytes in a total of 10 fields in 1000x magnification was noted. From this the average number of each cell or microorganism in the sample was calculated. In the bacteriological analyses the ear secretion was cultured on blood-, lactose purple- and SAB-agar. Bloodand lactose purple agar were incubated at 37°C and examined after 24 and 48 hours. If growth was present on any of the agar plates the bacterial isolates were re-cultured on a blood agarplate and thereafter identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The cytological examination showed yeasts in 60 samples (60%) and a relationship between the cytological examination and culture in SAB-agars were identified. A statistically significant relationship was found between brown secretion when testing and the prevalence of yeasts during cytological examination. In the cytological examination bacteria could be identified in seven samples (7%), all cocci. In the bacteriological analyses growth of bacteria were found from 58 ears. In these ears a total of 115 bacteria were isolated and 86 of them were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The most isolated bacteria were from the genera Staphylococcus spp. (31), Micrococcus spp. (18) och Bacillus spp (16) and the most frequently isolated species were S. epidermidis, S. pseudintermedius, M. luteus and B. cereus. The results showed a relationship between cytological analyses and mycological culture regarding yeasts. The prevalence of bacteria was higher at the bacterial culture compared to the cytological analyses. Only few of the isolated bacteria are known to cause otitis externa in dogs. Furthermore, none of the samples had a heavy growth of bacteria

Computational Methods for Optimal Control of Hybrid Systems

This thesis aims to find algorithms for optimal control of hybrid systems and explore them in sufficient detail to be able to implement the ideas in computational tools. By hybrid systems is meant systems with interacting continuous and discrete dynamics. Code for computations has been developed in parallel to the theory. The optimal control methods studied in this thesis are global, i.e. the entire state space is considered simultaneously rather than searching for locally optimal trajectories. The optimal value function that maps each state of the state space onto the minimal cost for trajectories starting in that state is central for global methods. It is often difficult to compute the value function of an optimal control problem, even for a purely continuous system. This thesis shows that a lower bound of the value function of a hybrid optimal control problem can be found via convex optimization in a linear program. Moreover, a dual of this optimization problem, parameterized in the control law, has been formulated via general ideas from duality in transportation problems. It is shown that the lower bound of the value function is tight for continuous systems and that there is no gap between the dual optimization problems. Two computational tools are presented. One is built on theory for piecewise affine systems. Various analysis and synthesis problems for this kind of systems are via piecewise quadratic Lyapunov-like functions cast into linear matrix inequalities. The second tool can be used for value function computation, control law extraction, and simulation of hybrid systems. This tool parameterizes the value function in its values in a uniform grid of points in the state space, and the optimization problem is formulated as a linear program. The usage of this tool is illustrated in a case study