Hydrodynamics of the Chiral Dirac Spectrum

We derive a hydrodynamical description of the eigenvalues of the chiral Dirac spectrum in the vacuum and in the large $N$ (volume) limit. The linearized hydrodynamics supports sound waves. The stochastic relaxation of the eigenvalues is captured by a hydrodynamical instanton configuration which follows from a pertinent form of Euler equation. The relaxation from a phase of localized eigenvalues and unbroken chiral symmetry to a phase of de-localized eigenvalues and broken chiral symmetry occurs over a time set by the speed of sound. We show that the time is $\Delta \tau=\pi\rho(0)/2\beta N$ with $\rho(0)$ the spectral density at zero virtuality and $\beta=1,2,4$ for the three Dyson ensembles that characterize QCD with different quark representations in the ergodic regime.Comment: 6 page

Hydrodynamics of the Polyakov Line in SU(Nc)(N_c) Yang-Mills

We discuss a hydrodynamical description of the eigenvalues of the Polyakov line at large but finite $N_c$ for Yang-Mills theory in even and odd space-time dimensions. The hydro-static solutions for the eigenvalue densities are shown to interpolate between a uniform distribution in the confined phase and a localized distribution in the de-confined phase. The resulting critical temperatures are in overall agreement with those measured on the lattice over a broad range of $N_c$, and are consistent with the string model results at $N_c=\infty$. The stochastic relaxation of the eigenvalues of the Polyakov line out of equilibrium is captured by a hydrodynamical instanton. An estimate of the probability of formation of a Z(N$_c)$ bubble using a piece-wise sound wave is suggested.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Hydrodynamical Description of the QCD Dirac Spectrum at Finite Chemical Potential

We present a hydrodynamical description of the QCD Dirac spectrum at finite chemical potential as an uncompressible droplet in the complex eigenvalue space. For a large droplet, the fluctuation spectrum around the hydrostatic solution is gapped by a longitudinal Coulomb plasmon, and exhibits a frictionless odd viscosity. The stochastic relaxation time for the restoration/breaking of chiral symmetry is set by twice the plasmon frequency. The leading droplet size correction to the relaxation time is fixed by a universal odd viscosity to density ratio $\eta_O/\rho_0=(\beta-2)/4$ for the three Dyson ensembles $\beta=1,2,4$.Comment: 5 page

Current practice of care for adolescent and adult patients after Fontan surgery in Poland

Background: The growing number of adults patients after the Fontan operation requires regular surveillance tests in the specialized centers. Aims: Evaluation of current practice of care for Fontan patients in Poland based on a multicenter survey. Methods: Eight centers were included in the study-5 adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) and 3 pediatric centers for adolescents. To aim for a comparison between the centers and facilitate the interpretation of the results, the Fontan Surveillance Score (FSS) was developed. The higher score is consistent with better care, with a maximum of 19 points. Results: The number of 398 Fontan patients (243 adults and 155 adolescents [age 14-18 years]) was included in the study. The median FSS was 13 points with variability between the centers (interquartile range 7-14 points). Centers providing continuous care from the pediatric period until 18 years of age achieved a higher FSS compared to ACHD centers (median: 14 points vs 12 points, p< 0.001). Most of the patients, both in the ACHD (82.3%) and in pediatric centers (89%), were seen annually and had a physical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram performed at each visit. However, unsatisfactory utilization of tests identifying the early stages of Fontan circulation failure (cardiopulmonary exercise tests, cardiac magnetic resonance, liver biochemistry and imaging, detection of protein-losing enteropathy) was observed. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that there is no unified surveillance approach for Fontan patients in Poland. The practice of care for adults differs from that of adolescents

Alignment of the CMS muon system with cosmic-ray and beam-halo muons

This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the Paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 IOPThe CMS muon system has been aligned using cosmic-ray muons collected in 2008 and beam-halo muons from the 2008 LHC circulating beam tests. After alignment, the resolution of the most sensitive coordinate is 80 microns for the relative positions of superlayers in the same barrel chamber and 270 microns for the relative positions of endcap chambers in the same ring structure. The resolution on the position of the central barrel chambers relative to the tracker is comprised between two extreme estimates, 200 and 700 microns, provided by two complementary studies. With minor modifications, the alignment procedures can be applied using muons from LHC collisions, leading to additional significant improvements.This work is supported by FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR(Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Alignment of the CMS muon system with cosmic-ray and beam-halo muons

This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the Paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 IOPThe CMS muon system has been aligned using cosmic-ray muons collected in 2008 and beam-halo muons from the 2008 LHC circulating beam tests. After alignment, the resolution of the most sensitive coordinate is 80 microns for the relative positions of superlayers in the same barrel chamber and 270 microns for the relative positions of endcap chambers in the same ring structure. The resolution on the position of the central barrel chambers relative to the tracker is comprised between two extreme estimates, 200 and 700 microns, provided by two complementary studies. With minor modifications, the alignment procedures can be applied using muons from LHC collisions, leading to additional significant improvements.This work is supported by FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR(Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Retinal arterial remodeling in patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma and its reversibility following surgical treatment

Contains fulltext : 221571.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access

A case of mistaken identity

What went wrong between the UK media and a report on 'multi-ethnic' Britain