Deskstudie waardplantrelaties van plantenparasitaire aaltjes

Het bouwplan en de bijbehorende vruchtwisseling vormen de kern van de beheersing van nematodenproblemen. De wettelijke beperkingen op het gebruik en de hoge kosten van grondontsmetting en granulaire nematiciden hebben deze opties voor nematodenbeheer minder inzetbaar gemaakt. Sinds de sterke daling van het gebruik van grondontsmetting nemen problemen met wortelknobbelaaltjes, wortellesieaaltjes en andere soorten aaltjes weer toe. Het doel van het project is het geven van een overzicht van de bestaande kennis op het gebied van waardplantrelaties tussen plantenparasitaire nematoden en akkerbouw-, vollegronds groentengewassen, en groenbemesters. Een nieuw aspect in dit werk is dat getracht is een systeem te ontwerpen waarmee min of meer objectief kan worden vastgesteld wat de kwaliteit van gepubliceerde gegevens met betrekking tot waardplantstatus is. Dit is van groot belang om te voorkomen dat foutieve gegevens of aanbevelingen in adviessystemen worden opgenome

Inisiasi, Optimasi Media Dan Perbandingan Profil Kromatogram Senyawa Golongan Terpenoid, Alkaloid, Flavonoid Kultur Tunas Dan Tanaman Aral Gynura Pseudochina (Lour.) DC

Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC. is among medicinal plants predicted to have anticancer activity, therefore the plant is beneficial to be propagated in the form of tissue cultures. In this research, the inisiation of the culture was performed using Murashige Skoog + kinetin 4 ppm media and the best media for subculturing of the shoot was Murashige Skoog + Benzyl Adenin 3 ppm. In addition, from the research conducted, it was found that the shoot cultures of this plant aged one week prior to stationary phase has produced compounds of terpenoid, alkaloid and flavonoid groups. The terpenoid chromatogram profile of shoot cultures was similar to that of parent plant. It could be seen from the thin layer chromatogram of the extract, giving the same colour after being sprayed with anisaldehydesulfuric acid reagent. The shoot cultures of Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC. produced alkaloid compounds, developing orange color when the chromatogram of the extract was treated with Dragendorff, whereas the parent plant had not formed such compounds yet. The chromatogram profile of flavonoid compounds of shoot cultures and parent plant were also similar

Measurement of the Atmospheric Muon Spectrum from 20 to 3000 GeV

The absolute muon flux between 20 GeV and 3000 GeV is measured with the L3 magnetic muon spectrometer for zenith angles ranging from 0 degree to 58 degree. Due to the large exposure of about 150 m2 sr d, and the excellent momentum resolution of the L3 muon chambers, a precision of 2.3 % at 150 GeV in the vertical direction is achieved. The ratio of positive to negative muons is studied between 20 GeV and 500 GeV, and the average vertical muon charge ratio is found to be 1.285 +- 0.003 (stat.) +- 0.019 (syst.).Comment: Total 32 pages, 9Figure

A Pre-Landing Assessment of Regolith Properties at the InSight Landing Site

This article discusses relevant physical properties of the regolith at the Mars InSight landing site as understood prior to landing of the spacecraft. InSight will land in the northern lowland plains of Mars, close to the equator, where the regolith is estimated to be ≥3--5 m thick. These investigations of physical properties have relied on data collected from Mars orbital measurements, previously collected lander and rover data, results of studies of data and samples from Apollo lunar missions, laboratory measurements on regolith simulants, and theoretical studies. The investigations include changes in properties with depth and temperature. Mechanical properties investigated include density, grain-size distribution, cohesion, and angle of internal friction. Thermophysical properties include thermal inertia, surface emissivity and albedo, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, and specific heat. Regolith elastic properties not only include parameters that control seismic wave velocities in the immediate vicinity of the Insight lander but also coupling of the lander and other potential noise sources to the InSight broadband seismometer. The related properties include Poisson’s ratio, P- and S-wave velocities, Young’s modulus, and seismic attenuation. Finally, mass diffusivity was investigated to estimate gas movements in the regolith driven by atmospheric pressure changes. Physical properties presented here are all to some degree speculative. However, they form a basis for interpretation of the early data to be returned from the InSight mission.Additional co-authors: Nick Teanby and Sharon Keda

Application of a risk-management framework for integration of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in clinical trials

Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) are a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To incorporate sTILs into clinical trials and diagnostics, reliable assessment is essential. In this review, we propose a new concept, namely the implementation of a risk-management framework that enables the use of sTILs as a stratification factor in clinical trials. We present the design of a biomarker risk-mitigation workflow that can be applied to any biomarker incorporation in clinical trials. We demonstrate the implementation of this concept using sTILs as an integral biomarker in a single-center phase II immunotherapy trial for metastatic TNBC (TONIC trial, NCT02499367), using this workflow to mitigate risks of suboptimal inclusion of sTILs in this specific trial. In this review, we demonstrate that a web-based scoring platform can mitigate potential risk factors when including sTILs in clinical trials, and we argue that this framework can be applied for any future biomarker-driven clinical trial setting

Capillary electrochromatography in the size-exclusion mode

In this review the literature on the application of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for size-based separations of macromolecules is summarized. Opportunities and limitations of CEC specially related to the size-exclusion mode (SEEC) are indicated. Applications with synthetic polymer samples as well as with biomacromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins) are shown. The prospects for a further development and application of SEEC are discussed

Application of flow field-flow fractionation for the characterization of macromolecules of biological interest: a review

An overview is given of the recent literature on (bio) analytical applications of flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF). FlFFF is a liquid-phase separation technique that can separate macromolecules and particles according to size. The technique is increasingly used on a routine basis in a variety of application fields. In food analysis, FlFFF is applied to determine the molecular size distribution of starches and modified celluloses, or to study protein aggregation during food processing. In industrial analysis, it is applied for the characterization of polysaccharides that are used as thickeners and dispersing agents. In pharmaceutical and biomedical laboratories, FlFFF is used to monitor the refolding of recombinant proteins, to detect aggregates of antibodies, or to determine the size distribution of drug carrier particles. In environmental studies, FlFFF is used to characterize natural colloids in water streams, and especially to study trace metal distributions over colloidal particles. In this review, first a short discussion of the state of the art in instrumentation is given. Developments in the coupling of FlFFF to various detection modes are then highlighted. Finally, application studies are discussed and ordered according to the type of (bio) macromolecules or bioparticles that are fractionated