Trade and safety issues of raw beef from the countryside of Bahia state, Brazil

Background: Brazil is one of the world's largest meat exporters. However, there is a paradox in this situation due to existing non-inspected meat trade and technical-sanitary failures in retail marketing. Design and methods: This study aimed at characterizing the issues of trade, food safety and quality of raw beef in the street market of a municipality in the state of Bahia. An exploratory, quantitative and census study was carried out, at 17 raw beef vending locations. A questionnaire was administered and meat samples were collected (n=34), which were submitted to a physicochemical assessment, color analysis and microbiological analyses.Results: Meat sellers were between 20 and 64 years of age, predominantly males (82.4%), with limited education and without professional training (64.7%). Medians for temperature and pH in the small butcher shops samples were 18.10ºC and 5.75 respectively, and 21.80ºC and 5.50, in small supermarkets samples. The difference in pH was significant (p<0.05). The filtration test suggested quality changes in 17.65% of the samples. No frauds were detected. Total coliform count medians were 4.90 and 4.78 log CFU/g, for the samples taken from butcher shops and supermarkets, respectively. E. coli was identified in approximately 40.0% of the samples. Salmonella spp. were confirmed in two samples collected in the butcher shops. There was a significant association between inadequate storage conditions and microorganism counts (p<0.02).Conclusions: The results evidenced a meat supply with preservation failures and non-compliance with hygiene requirements, constituting a consumers’ health hazard, not in line with an agro-exporting country model

RECOLHA E ESTRUTURAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO NO ÂMBITO DE UM ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR

The connection between higher education and the job market is something of great importance and increasingly recognized by academia and the world of work. It is crucial to have a more regular dialogue between both in order to achieve alignment of actions and benefits for both parties. In this research, we aim to demonstrate how a Portuguese bachelor’s degree in information science assigns a prominent role to students as drivers of their own learning, while teachers become knowledge mediators. As part of their curriculum, students in their final year are required to undertake an internship in an institution for a period of 192 hours. The orientation process involves an advisor from the institution (and a co-advisor if necessary), as well as a mentor from the hosting institution, who together establish an action plan that involves the application of knowledge and skills acquired during the academic part of the degree. In addition to the introduction, this research includes a literature review that provides a general overview of the problem being addressed, based on published literature in the field of study. The topics covered include Information Science, Information Management, Knowledge Management, the Relationship between Information Management and Knowledge Management, Databases, Database Management Systems, and Data Modeling. The methodology chapter provides a detailed description of all activities carried out during the internship, while the results chapter presents the produced artifacts. The research concludes with a corresponding conclusion.A ligação do Ensino Superior com o mercado de trabalho é algo muito importante e progressivamente mais reconhecido pela academia e pelo mundo do trabalho, mostrando-se fundamental um diálogo cada vez mais regular entre ambos, para que possa haver um alinhamento de atuação e vantagens para ambas as partes. Na presente  investigação pretende-se demonstrar como uma licenciatura portuguesa da área da Ciência da Informação  atribuindo papel de destaque aos estudantes, como motores das suas aprendizagens, enquanto os professores passaram a ser mediadores do conhecimento, integrando no seu plano de estudos uma unidade curricular obrigatória de Estágio, devendo os seus estudantes finalistas de 3º ano desenvolverem um estágio numa instituição, durante um período de 192 horas. O processo de orientação conta com um orientador da instituição (e coorientador, caso necessário) bem como com o tutor da instituição acolhedora de estágio, os quais fixam um plano de atuação, o qual envolve conhecimentos e a aplicação de competências desenvolvidas na parte curricular da licenciatura.  Para além da introdução, esta investigação integra a revisão da literatura  onde é apresentada uma perspetiva geral do problema abordado, com base na literatura publicada sobre a área em estudo, tendo como tópicos a Ciência da Informação, Gestão da Informação, Gestão do Conhecimento, Relação da Gestão da Informação com a Gestão do Conhecimento, Bases de Dados, Sistemas de Gestão de Bases de Dados e Modelação de dados.  No capítulo relativo à metodologia é feita uma descrição detalhada de todas as atividades desenvolvidas durante a realização do estágio e o capítulo relativo aos resultados apresenta os artefactos produzidos, encerrando-se o trabalho com a respetiva conclusão

La experiencia de formación en intervención terapéutica: reflexiones suscitadas durante el entrenamiento de la Especialización en Terapia Familiar de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó

This paper establishes some reflections as result of a training exercise in the family therapeutic intervention carried out with families, during the first semester of the Family Therapy specialization program at Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. This exercise brings about meaning issues such as: the understanding of one´s self, communication as a possibility, the use of techniques and observation experiences in early sessions with families. The analysis of this training experience, is based on conceptual and life elements that are fundamental in family therapy that try influence the professional exercise under a systematic epistemology with a theoretical basis and a true reflective process.El presente artículo plantea reflexiones resultado de la experiencia de entrenamiento en intervención terapéutica con familias, llevada a cabo durante el primer semestre de formación como especialistas en terapia familiar de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. En el ejercicio se identifican asuntos significativos como la comprensión del sí mismo (self), la comunicación como posibilidad, el uso de técnicas y la experiencia de observación en las primeras sesiones con familias. Al plantear reflexiones suscitadas durante la práctica de entrenamiento, se retoman elementos conceptuales y vivenciales que articulados se consideran eje central del terapeuta familiar que busca conducir el ejercicio profesional bajo una epistemología sistémica con asiento conceptual y un verdadero proceso reflexivo

Procesos de aplicación conceptual y práctico de la normatividad tributaria en contextos investigativos procedimentales tributarios para el fortalecimiento de las competencias disciplinares y profesionales

La presente investigación planteó como objetivo realizar las memorias con las temáticas investigativas que se desarrollaron en el Seminario de Investigación Aplicada, con el fin de actualizar en los participantes y fortalecer sus conocimientos específicos en materia tributaria con base en los temas investigativos dispuestos y orientados por cada docente desde su inicio, elaboración, construcción y presentación ante los docentes evaluadores. Los trabajos cumplen su fin primordial con es fortalecer con los desarrollos temático de cada módulo visto en el SIA sus capacidades y competencias profesionales especialmente en el contexto tributario, en cumplimiento al requerimiento para otorgar al título de Especialistas en Gerencia Tributaria. Luego las memorias compiladas son el resultado de los trabajos presentados y evaluados oportunamente por cada docente comprometido con la calidad en cuanto a las temáticas investigativas, calidad de los contenidos, talleres teóricos prácticos, elementos metodológicos y de más lineamentos institucionales y del programa. La importancia de las memorias radica en su contenido el cual desglosa definiciones, conceptos, desarrollos teóricos prácticos, constituyéndose en un ejemplar de consulta investigativa en áreas de conocimiento fiscal y tributario en el marco de la Ley 1819 de 2016 y sus decretos reglamentarios, en síntesis al interior encontraremos fundamentos teóricos prácticos, procedimentales y resolutivos de casos especiales de Gravamen a los Movimientos Financieros, Monotributo, Renta Personas Naturales, Renta Personas Jurídicas, Procedimiento Tributario, Impuestos Distritales, Normas internacionales de Información Financiera Pymes, entre otros temas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good