Packing line evaluation for drop impacts on persimmon quality rama forte

Excessive and inadequate handling of fruits and vegetables provides high incidences of physical damage, consequently, post harvest losses. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the impact magnitude in persimmon packing lines, Rama Forte, and to determine, at the laboratory, its impact limits. For evaluating the critical points it was used an instrumented sphere of 76 mm of diameter (Technmark, Inc, Lansing, USA), which registered the impact magnitude in seven distinctive impact lines located in four packing houses. For determining physical damages, tests were carried out at the laboratory, where fruit drop was related to impact magnitude, physical damage incidence and fruit post harvest losses. At the packing lines, the values found varied from 21 to 87 G on the transfer points and the majority of registered impacts (over 94%) were down 50G. Drops from 20 cm caused an increase in weight losses after six days of storage at room temperature. Drops from 20 and 30 cm caused skin darkness (low L values), associated to a decrease in color intensity (chroma). Impact drop did not affect pulp fruit chemical features.O manuseio inadequado e excessivo de frutas e de hortaliças causa alta incidência de danos físicos e, consequentemente, perdas pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a magnitude de impacto em linhas de beneficiamento e classificação para caqui Rama Forte e determinar, em laboratório, seus limites de impactos. Para a avaliação dos pontos críticos, foi utilizada uma esfera instrumentada de 76 mm de diâmetro (Techmark, Inc., Lansing, EUA), que registrou a magnitude dos impactos em sete equipamentos distintos de quatro unidades de beneficiamento. A determinação de danos físicos foi feita em testes laboratoriais, nos quais a queda dos frutos foi relacionada com a magnitude de impacto, incidência de danos físicos e perdas na qualidade do fruto. Nas linhas de beneficiamento, os valores de impactos encontrados variaram de 21 a 87 G nos pontos de transferência, e a maioria dos impactos registrados (acima de 94%) durante a passagem pela linha foram de valores de até 50 G. Alturas de queda a partir de 20 cm causaram aumento na perda de massa do caqui no sexto dia de armazenamento, em temperatura ambiente. As quedas de 20 e 30 cm causaram maior escurecimento da casca (menores valores de L), associada à redução da intensidade da cor (chroma). O impacto não causou efeito nas características químicas da polpa do fruto.642655Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

On the deviation from Maxwellian of the ion velocity distribution functions in the turbulent magnetosheath

The degree of deviation from the thermodynamic equilibrium in the ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs), measured by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in the Earth's turbulent magnetosheath, is quantitatively investigated. Taking advantage of MMS ion data, having a resolution never reached before in space missions, and of the comparison with Vlasov-Maxwell simulations, this analysis aims at relating any deviation from Maxwellian equilibrium to typical plasma parameters. Correlations of the non-Maxwellian features with plasma quantities such as electric fields, ion temperature, current density and ion vorticity are very similar in both magnetosheath data and numerical experiments, and suggest that distortions in the ion VDFs occur close to (but not exactly at) peaks in current density and ion temperature. Similar results have also been found during a magnetopause crossing by MMS. This work could help clarifying the origin of distortion of the ion VDFs in space plasmas

Removing astringency of ‘Rama Forte’ persimmon by using high CO2 levels within pallet covers

deastringency process using high CO2 concentrations on ‘Rama Forte’ persimmon within pallet covers under ambient and refrigerated conditions. The CO2 treatment for orange persimmons in cardboard boxes is to completely enclose pallet loads of fruits in sealed LDPE bags (90 μm), pull a slight vacuum, then add CO2 to create a 70 – 90 kPa CO2 atmosphere within the bag and around the fruit. Two pallets were hold at 20oC for 5 days and two others were kept at 1oC for 21 days. After these periods of time, the LDPE films were removed and the fruits were left at 25oC. Periodically, boxes from the bottom, middle and top layers of each pallet were sorted for the following analysis: astringency index, firmness, soluble solids and peel color were evaluated. The experimental design was a factorial 2x3, with 10 replicates by plot. The results showed that high CO2 atmosphere (70 – 90 kPa) for 5 days at 20ºC promoted both the astringency removal and the maintenance of the fruit firmness. High CO2 concentrations at 1oC for 21 days were equally efficient in the astringency removal of the fruits but it caused uneven ripening and peel browning occasionally, impairing its use.FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, pelo auxílio financeiro (processo n.2003/06445-2). AIR LIQUIDE BRASIL LTDA

Stellar Astrophysics and Exoplanet Science with the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE)

The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE) is a planned 11.25-m aperture facility with a 1.5 square degree field of view that will be fully dedicated to multi-object spectroscopy. A rebirth of the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Maunakea, MSE will use 4332 fibers operating at three different resolving powers (R ~ 2500, 6000, 40000) across a wavelength range of 0.36-1.8mum, with dynamical fiber positioning that allows fibers to match the exposure times of individual objects. MSE will enable spectroscopic surveys with unprecedented scale and sensitivity by collecting millions of spectra per year down to limiting magnitudes of g ~ 20-24 mag, with a nominal velocity precision of ~100 m/s in high-resolution mode. This white paper describes science cases for stellar astrophysics and exoplanet science using MSE, including the discovery and atmospheric characterization of exoplanets and substellar objects, stellar physics with star clusters, asteroseismology of solar-like oscillators and opacity-driven pulsators, studies of stellar rotation, activity, and multiplicity, as well as the chemical characterization of AGB and extremely metal-poor stars.Comment: 31 pages, 11 figures; To appear as a chapter for the Detailed Science Case of the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explore

The Gaia mission

Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the EuropeanSpace Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page. http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gai

Avaliação de linhas de beneficiamento e impactos de queda na qualidade de caqui "Rama Forte"

O manuseio inadequado e excessivo de frutas e de hortaliças causa alta incidência de danos físicos e, consequentemente, perdas pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a magnitude de impacto em linhas de beneficiamento e classificação para caqui "Rama Forte" e determinar, em laboratório, seus limites de impactos. Para a avaliação dos pontos críticos, foi utilizada uma esfera instrumentada de 76 mm de diâmetro (Techmark, Inc., Lansing, EUA), que registrou a magnitude dos impactos em sete equipamentos distintos de quatro unidades de beneficiamento. A determinação de danos físicos foi feita em testes laboratoriais, nos quais a queda dos frutos foi relacionada com a magnitude de impacto, incidência de danos físicos e perdas na qualidade do fruto. Nas linhas de beneficiamento, os valores de impactos encontrados variaram de 21 a 87 G nos pontos de transferência, e a maioria dos impactos registrados (acima de 94%) durante a passagem pela linha foram de valores de até 50 G. Alturas de queda a partir de 20 cm causaram aumento na perda de massa do caqui no sexto dia de armazenamento, em temperatura ambiente. As quedas de 20 e 30 cm causaram maior escurecimento da casca (menores valores de L), associada à redução da intensidade da cor (chroma). O impacto não causou efeito nas características químicas da polpa do fruto

[Cumulative exposure to polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDS), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFS) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) in the metallurgic workers and the general population in Brescia province, northern Italy].

High temperature metallurgical processes may significantly contribute to the release of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) into the environment. Aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs, dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) and non dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) in a sample of 300 workers of metallurgical plants operating in the Brescia area and in a control group of 113 men. Serum samples were grouped in pools of 10 and analyzed for their concentration of PCDDs and PCDFs, DL- and NDL-PCBs. Metallurgical workers show serum concentrations of NDL-PCBs similar to those observed in non-occupationally exposed living in Brescia, except in the case of some congeners, such as PCBs 28, 52, 101 which result to be significantly higher in metallurgical workers. Their concentrations range of "dioxins" was of 32.5 - 84.8 pgTEQ g(-1) lb. No significant difference was found between metallurgical workers and the control group on the whole, but the difference became significant when comparing metallurgical workers with the group of the 47 subjects living in remote non industrialised areas. In conclusion, concentrations of total PCBs observed in metallurgy workers are comparable with those observed in the control group, with the exception of a few, more volatile, congeners which resulted to be higher in metallurgy workers. Concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs showed a range of values similar to that observed in the general population of Brescia not professionally exposed. However, concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs observed in subjects resident in "remote" areas were significantly lower than those assessed in metallurgy workers and subjects living in the town of Brescia. On the whole, men living in the town of Brescia show levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs higher than those observed in other groups of the Italian general population, this reflecting the intense industrial activity of the town