Los medios en el escenario del conflicto y lo político

El presente artículo es un análisis crítico sobre la función que cumplen los medios de comunicación en Colombia en el escenario de la guerra, a partir de describir las características de la estructura de propiedad de los medios, de los lenguajes usados en la información y de las prácticas periodísticas en el cubrimiento de los hechos. La hipótesis es que tales características determinan la producción de la información sobre el conflicto armado, lo cual confunde a las audiencias, toda vez que se priorizan las noticias sobre las acciones armadas de las guerrillas, sin ocuparse de ofrecer una información amplia sobre las causas estructurales que han incidido para que la guerra se prolongue a lo largo de siete décadas. Esa condición de los medios, poco contribuye en bien de los diálogos de paz que vienen sosteniendo el gobierno y la guerrilla de las Farc, desde 2012, en la Habana (Cuba)

O humanismo frente ao desafio do diálogo fé e razão na sociedade pós-secular

Secularization, as a product of Modernity, seeks for the independence of reason from any influence of religious or moral nature. In a society that feels doubtful about the diverse religious experience, the believer citizens should not give up their identity, but at the same time should learn how to establish a dialogue with those who, in terms of Habermas, might be called secular citizens. The following research aims to create connections that enable a dialogue between Faith and Reason in a Post Secular Society. From a systematic and interpretative study of the vision we have on Humanism, especially in the modern period, it is intended to find common ground between the ways of thinking, both secular and religious, which allows seeing that fine thread that leads both positions towards some shared concerns: man, his cause and his fate.La secularización, como obra de la modernidad, busca la independencia de la razón con respecto a cualquier influencia de carácter religioso o moral. En unasociedad que mira con recelo las diferentes experiencias religiosas, el ciudadano creyente no debe renunciar a su identidad pero, al mismo tiempo, ha de aprender a dialogar, desde sus convicciones, con aquellos que, en palabras de Habermas, se pueden denominar ciudadanos seculares. El objetivo de la investigación apunta a tender puentes que permitan un diálogo entre la fe y la razón en medio de la sociedad post-secular. A partir de un recorrido sistemático e interpretativo de la visión que se tiene del humanismo, en especial en la época moderna, se busca establecer un común denominador entre las líneas de pensamiento tanto seculares como religiosas que deja entrever ese hilo fino que guía estas dos posiciones hacia unas inquietudes comunes: el hombre, su causa y su destino. A secularização, como obra da modernidade, busca a independência da razão no que diz respeito a qualquer influência de caráter religioso ou moral. Em uma sociedade que vê com receio as diferentes experiências religiosas, o cidadão que professa a fé não deve renunciar à sua identidade, mas, ao mesmo tempo, deve aprender a dialogar, a partir de suas convicções, com aqueles que, nas palavras de Habermas, podem ser denominados cidadãos seculares. O objetivo desta investigação aponta para se levantar pontes que permitam um diálogo entre a fé a razão, em meio à sociedade pós-secular. Iniciando um percurso sistemático e interpretativo da visão que se tem do humanismo, de modo especial na época moderna, se busca estabelecer um denominador comum entre as linhas de pensamento tanto seculares como religiosas, deixando entrever esta fina linha que guia as duas posições, rumo a alguns questionamentos comuns: o homem, sua causa e seu destino

Bibliometric analysis of nearly a decade of research in electric vehicles: a dynamic approach

A bibliometric study was developed based publications of investigation in electric vehicle from 2007 to 2016 available in the science citation Index-expanded database from Web of science, the information was identified in the version on line of SCI-Expanded, Web Thomson Reuters of Science, supported in addition on a powerful tools of information processing like Hitscite. The extracted files were analyzed to determine the number of citations, including publications by year, language, country or region, Journals, articles and authors in order to determine the evolution of this field of study

Modeling Kepler transit light curves as false positives: Rejection of blend scenarios for Kepler-9, and validation of Kepler-9d, a super-Earth-size planet in a multiple system

Light curves from the Kepler Mission contain valuable information on the nature of the phenomena producing the transit-like signals. To assist in exploring the possibility that they are due to an astrophysical false positive, we describe a procedure (BLENDER) to model the photometry in terms of a "blend" rather than a planet orbiting a star. A blend may consist of a background or foreground eclipsing binary (or star-planet pair) whose eclipses are attenuated by the light of the candidate and possibly other stars within the photometric aperture. We apply BLENDER to the case of Kepler-9, a target harboring two previously confirmed Saturn-size planets (Kepler-9b and Kepler-9c) showing transit timing variations, and an additional shallower signal with a 1.59-day period suggesting the presence of a super-Earth-size planet. Using BLENDER together with constraints from other follow-up observations we are able to rule out all blends for the two deeper signals, and provide independent validation of their planetary nature. For the shallower signal we rule out a large fraction of the false positives that might mimic the transits. The false alarm rate for remaining blends depends in part (and inversely) on the unknown frequency of small-size planets. Based on several realistic estimates of this frequency we conclude with very high confidence that this small signal is due to a super-Earth-size planet (Kepler-9d) in a multiple system, rather than a false positive. The radius is determined to be 1.64 (+0.19/-0.14) R(Earth), and current spectroscopic observations are as yet insufficient to establish its mass.Comment: 20 pages in emulateapj format, including 8 tables and 16 figures. To appear in ApJ, 1 January 2010. Accepted versio

Five Kepler target stars that show multiple transiting exoplanet candidates

We present and discuss five candidate exoplanetary systems identified with the Kepler spacecraft. These five systems show transits from multiple exoplanet candidates. Should these objects prove to be planetary in nature, then these five systems open new opportunities for the field of exoplanets and provide new insights into the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems. We discuss the methods used to identify multiple transiting objects from the Kepler photometry as well as the false-positive rejection methods that have been applied to these data. One system shows transits from three distinct objects while the remaining four systems show transits from two objects. Three systems have planet candidates that are near mean motion commensurabilities---two near 2:1 and one just outside 5:2. We discuss the implications that multitransiting systems have on the distribution of orbital inclinations in planetary systems, and hence their dynamical histories; as well as their likely masses and chemical compositions. A Monte Carlo study indicates that, with additional data, most of these systems should exhibit detectable transit timing variations (TTV) due to gravitational interactions---though none are apparent in these data. We also discuss new challenges that arise in TTV analyses due to the presence of more than two planets in a system.Comment: Accepted to Ap

Pensar, hacer y proyectar la radio universitaria en Hispanoamérica

Las primeras radios universitarias de Hispanoamérica datan de la segunda década del siglo XX, pero su crecimiento solo fue notorio a partir de los años setenta. En el tránsito al siglo XXI, la radio universitaria se convirtió en un verdadero fenómeno comunicativo, gracias al surgimiento de las emisoras de radio por internet. Actualmente, existe una gran diversidad de propuestas radiales, marcadas por el tipo de institución a la que pertenecen: universidades públicas o universidades privadas, de índole religiosa o secular. Así mismo, y a diferencia de las college radios estadounidenses, donde los estudiantes trabajan con un alto grado de autonomía, la radio universitaria hispanoamericana se caracteriza por un control más directo por parte de las instituciones en las que opera. A causa de su impacto y de sus significativos niveles de audiencia, estas emisoras han creado importantes espacios de práctica para estudiantes de carreras como Comunicación, Música e Ingeniería. Además, han convocado a expertos de las profesiones liberales y las artes y, a veces, le han apostado a proyectos educativos o comunitarios innovadores, que otras propuestas radiales han descuidado. Por todo esto, este libro invita a reflexionar sobre el fenómeno de la radio universitaria —académicamente poco estudiado en la región— a partir de diversos puntos de vista y de distintas experiencias radiales en Colombia, México, Costa Rica, España y Alemania, así como sus apuestas, limitaciones y oportunidades.Bogot

Heterogeneous Infectivity and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Beta, Delta and Omicron in Transgenic K18-hACE2 and Wildtype Mice

Altres ajuts: Fundació La Marató de TV3 202126-30-21The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) may display enhanced transmissibility, more severity and/or immune evasion; however, the pathogenesis of these new VOCs in experimental SARS-CoV-2 models or the potential infection of other animal species is not completely understood. Here we infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice with B.1, B.1.351/Beta, B.1.617.2/Delta and BA.1.1/Omicron isolates and demonstrated heterogeneous infectivity and pathogenesis. B.1.351/Beta variant was the most pathogenic, while BA.1.1/Omicron led to lower viral RNA in the absence of major visible clinical signs. In parallel, we infected wildtype (WT) mice and confirmed that, contrary to B.1 and B.1.617.2/Delta, B.1.351/Beta and BA.1.1/Omicron can infect them. Infection in WT mice coursed without major clinical signs and viral RNA was transient and undetectable in the lungs by day 7 post-infection. In silico modeling supported these findings by predicting B.1.351/Beta receptor binding domain (RBD) mutations result in an increased affinity for both human and murine ACE2 receptors, while BA.1/Omicron RBD mutations only show increased affinity for murine ACE2

Kepler-21b: A 1.6REarth Planet Transiting the Bright Oscillating F Subgiant Star HD 179070

We present Kepler observations of the bright (V=8.3), oscillating star HD 179070. The observations show transit-like events which reveal that the star is orbited every 2.8 days by a small, 1.6 R_Earth object. Seismic studies of HD 179070 using short cadence Kepler observations show that HD 179070 has a frequencypower spectrum consistent with solar-like oscillations that are acoustic p-modes. Asteroseismic analysis provides robust values for the mass and radius of HD 179070, 1.34{\pm}0.06 M{\circ} and 1.86{\pm}0.04 R{\circ} respectively, as well as yielding an age of 2.84{\pm}0.34 Gyr for this F5 subgiant. Together with ground-based follow-up observations, analysis of the Kepler light curves and image data, and blend scenario models, we conservatively show at the >99.7% confidence level (3{\sigma}) that the transit event is caused by a 1.64{\pm}0.04 R_Earth exoplanet in a 2.785755{\pm}0.000032 day orbit. The exoplanet is only 0.04 AU away from the star and our spectroscopic observations provide an upper limit to its mass of ~10 M_Earth (2-{\sigma}). HD 179070 is the brightest exoplanet host star yet discovered by Kepler.Comment: Accepted to Ap

Masses, radii, and orbits of small Kepler planets : The transition from gaseous to rocky planets

We report on the masses, sizes, and orbits of the planets orbiting 22 Kepler stars. There are 49 planet candidates around these stars, including 42 detected through transits and 7 revealed by precise Doppler measurements of the host stars. Based on an analysis of the Kepler brightness measurements, along with high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and (for 11 stars) asteroseismology, we establish low false-positive probabilities (FPPs) for all of the transiting planets (41 of 42 have an FPP under 1%), and we constrain their sizes and masses. Most of the transiting planets are smaller than three times the size of Earth. For 16 planets, the Doppler signal was securely detected, providing a direct measurement of the planet's mass. For the other 26 planets we provide either marginal mass measurements or upper limits to their masses and densities; in many cases we can rule out a rocky composition. We identify six planets with densities above 5 g cm-3, suggesting a mostly rocky interior for them. Indeed, the only planets that are compatible with a purely rocky composition are smaller than 2 R ⊕. Larger planets evidently contain a larger fraction of low-density material (H, He, and H2O).Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Association between Ancestry-Specific 6q25 Variants and Breast Cancer Subtypes in Peruvian Women

Background: Breast cancer incidence in the United States is lower in Hispanic/Latina (H/L) compared with African American/ Black or Non-Hispanic White women. An Indigenous American breast cancer-protective germline variant (rs140068132) has been reported near the estrogen receptor 1 gene. This study tests the association of rs140068132 and other polymorphisms in the 6q25 region with subtype-specific breast cancer risk in H/Ls of high Indigenous American ancestry. Methods: Genotypes were obtained for 5,094 Peruvian women with (1,755) and without (3,337) breast cancer. Associations between genotype and overall and subtype-specific risk for the protective variant were tested using logistic regression models and conditional analyses, including other risk-associated polymorphisms in the region. Results: We replicated the reported association between rs140068132 and breast cancer risk overall [odds ratio (OR), 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-0.59], as well as the lower odds of developing hormone receptor negative (HR-) versus HR+ disease (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97). Models, including HER2, showed further heterogeneity with reduced odds for HR+HER2+ (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.92), HR-HER2+ (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.90) and HR-HER2- (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56-1.05) compared with HR+HER2-. Inclusion of other risk-associated variants did not change these observations. Conclusions: The rs140068132 polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer in Peruvians and is more protective against HR- and HER2+ diseases independently of other breast cancer-associated variants in the 6q25 region. Impact: These results could inform functional analyses to understand the mechanism by which rs140068132-G reduces risk of breast cancer development in a subtype-specific manner. They also illustrate the importance of including diverse individuals in genetic studies.National Institutes of HealthRevisión por pare