Feed training of juvenile giant trahira under different light intensities

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light intensity on the feed training of juvenile giant trahiras (Hoplias lacerdae). A completely randomized design with four light treatments and three replicates was used, and the following light intensities were tested: 204.9; 177.58; 54.64 and 0.00 lux. Juvenile giant trahiras (length = 3.0 ± 0.4 cm and weight = 0.5 ± 0.05 g) were stocked at 6 fish L-1 in 12 rectangular tanks (24 × 20 × 14 cm) containing six liters of water, and subjected to feed training to accept dry diets. At the end of the experiment (21 days), weight gain, length gain, survival, cannibalism, and mortality rates were evaluated. Data were subjected to regression analysis at 5% probability. Different light intensities did not affect growth, survival, mortality, or cannibalism rates in juvenile giant trahiras during the feed training. Therefore, this species can be trained to accept dry diets in the presence or absence of light

Fauna helmintológica de ovinos provenientes da microrregião de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This study evaluated the prevalence and counting parasitism of different species of helminths of sheep from the micro-region of Jaboticabal of Sao Paulo state. For this, 66 animals naturally infected, four to 36 months of age, raised in pasture, were selected. The results of necropsy revealed the presence of seven genera and 12 species with the following prevalence and mean count: Haemonchus contortus: 100.0% (2947.2); Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 90.9% (3048.8); Cooperia curticei: 56.0% (256.5); Oesophagostomum columbianum: 48.4% (36.0); Cooperia punctata: 30.3% (94.5); Trichostrongylus axei: 22.7% (26.5); Strongyloides papillosus: 19.6% (83.0), Haemonchus contortus (L4): 7.5% (17.2), Cooperia pectinata: 10.6% (12.9), Trichuris ovis: 10.6 % (0.6); Cooperia spatulata 4.5% (0.3); Capillaria bovis: 4.5% (0.1). The mean parasitism of helminthswas 6524.7 per animal. Haemonchus contortus (adults and L4) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis corresponded to 45.4% and 46.7% of the average worm burden totally, respectively. Based in the results obtained in this study, can be concluded that the two most abundant species of helminths and important, the micro-region of Jaboticabal are Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus, and these two species amounted to 92.1% of the distribution percentage of helminths collected from all animals. These results demonstrate the importance of conducting a counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) in the herds of this region when FAMACHA is used on a particular property, since this method control does not allow to diagnostic the damage/clinical signs in animals infected by T. colubriformis, because this specie does not have hematophagism habit on animals.Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UN, Ctr Pesquisas Sanidade Anim CPPAR, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UN, Ctr Pesquisas Sanidade Anim CPPAR, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazi

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Análise não-paramétrica da sanidade de sementes e índices de eliminação e classificação de genótipos de soja Non-parametric analysis of seed sanity and elimination and ranking indices of soybean genotypes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de soja quanto à sanidade de semente, com um método de análise, pelo qual se obtém índices de sanidade (eliminação e classificação) com base em análise não-paramétrica. Esses índices consistiram em eliminar os genótipos com incidência de patógenos acima de um dado valor, estabelecido pelo experimentador e, em seguida, classificar os genótipos não eliminados, por ordem de incidência desses patógenos. A fim de comprovar sua eficácia, realizaram-se a simulação e comparação desse método com outros, e seu uso em dados de germinação e sanidade das sementes de cultivares e linhagens de soja, de ensaios finais do Programa de Melhoramento de Soja, do Departamento de Fitotecnia, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, conduzidos no ano agrícola de 2002/2003. Os pesos das variáveis e os limites de corte, utilizados nos índices, foram estabelecidos tendo-se levado em consideração estudos que relacionam a sanidade das sementes e sua germinação. A utilização dos índices propostos permite classificar genótipos de soja, quanto à qualidade sanitária das sementes, e eliminar das análises os genótipos que não atingiram os níveis mínimos requeridos.<br>The objective of this work was to assess soybean genotypes for seed sanity, with a method by which a sanity index (elimination and classification) is obtained based on non-parametric analysis. This index consisted in the elimination of genotypes with pathogen incidence above a certain value, established by the researcher, and then the classification of the noneliminated genotypes in the first step, ordering them according to the incidence of the pathogens. To verify its effectiveness, it was accomplished a simulation study and comparison of this proposed method with others, and its use in germination and sanity data of seeds from soybean lineages and cultivars of final experiments of the Soybean Breeding Program of Departmento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in 2002/2003 crop season. The weights of the variables and the cut limits used in the index were established considering studies related to seeds sanity and their germinations. The use of the proposed index allows the ranking of soybean genotypes, regarding to the sanitary quality of the seeds, and the elimination from the analyses of the genotypes that have not reached the requested minimum levels

Detecção de anticorpos para Toxoplasma gondii em soro de suínos criados e abatidos em frigoríficos da região da grande Porto Alegre-RS, Brasil Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in sera from swine bred and slaughtered in the great Porto Alegre-RS abbattoirs, Brazil

No presente trabalho, objetivou-se contribuir com dados sobre a freqüência de sororeagentes para Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos na Região da Grande Porto Alegre e fornecer subsídios sobre a importância da transmissão deste protozoário, por suínos. Foram coletadas amostras de 240 suínos em frigoríficos da região. A freqüência de anticorpos anti- Toxoplasma gondii, determinada através da técnica de hemaglutinação indireta, foi de 20 % de soros iguais ou superiores a diluição 1:64. Na técnica de imunofluorescência indireta, foram encontrados 33,75% de soro com diluição iguais a 1:16 ou superiores.<br>This report objectived to contribuite with data about the antibodies occurence of Toxoplasma gondii in swine bred and slaughtered in the area of Great Porto Alegre- RS, Brazil. The data should supply with subsidies on the importance of this protozoan transmission through swines. Samples were taken from 240 swines at slaughterhouses in that region. The frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, determinanet through the indirect hemagglutination technic was of 20% of serum equal or superior to 1:64 dilution. In the indirect immunofluorescence technic was found 33.75% in serum with a diluition equal to 1:16 or superior