Keinotodellisuuden hyödyntäminen liikenne- ja viestintäministeriön toimialalla. Selvitys

Raportti selvittää keinotodellisuuden ja lisätyn todellisuuden nykytilaa ja hyödyntämisen mahdollisuuksia liikenne- ja viestintäministeriön toimialalla. Lisätty todellisuus on jo pitkään ollut osa ajoneuvojen teknologiaa heijastusnäyttöjen kautta, ja lentosimulaattori edustaa jo kauan käytössä ollutta keinotodellisuussovellusta. Tällä hetkellä liikenteen alalla kehitteillä ja käytössä on useita sovelluksia erityisesti lisätylle todellisuudelle: päälle puettavia heijastusnäyttöjä, laivojen ja ajo-neuvojen etäohjausjärjestelmiä ja erilaisia kuluttajia opastavia sovelluksia. Uutis- ja viihdemedia sen sijaan vasta kokeilee keinotodellisuuden käyttöä. Läpimurtoa suuren yleisön käyttöön tai laajaan yrityskäyttöön nämä teknologiat eivät kuitenkaan ole vielä tehneet. Lähitulevaisuudessa moni suuri toimija tulee panostamaan lisätyn todellisuuden sovelluksiin, mikä heijastunee niiden käyttöasteeseen. Mahdollinen laajamittainen käyttö heijastuu tulevaisuudessa myös tietoliikenteen määrään ja laatuvaatimuksiin. Raportti kuvaa suomalaista yrityskenttää ja Suomen asemoitumista teknologian kehityksessä. Raportissa päädytään pitämään erilaisia etäohjauksen sovelluksia – erityisesti miehittämätöntä, etäohjattua merenkulkua – Suomen liikennesektorin kannalta kiinnostavina kehityskohteina. Uusien teknologioiden mahdollisuuksien hyödyntäminen edellyttää kuitenkin tehokkaita ja häiriöttömiä verkkoja ja langattomia yhteyksiä, suotuisaa lainsäädäntökehystä, osaamisen kehittämistä sekä aktiivista vuoropuhelua eri osapuolten välill

Cholesterol Dependence of Collagen and Echovirus 1 Trafficking along the Novel alpha 2 beta 1 Integrin Internalization Pathway

Peer reviewe

SRTGAN: Triplet Loss based Generative Adversarial Network for Real-World Super-Resolution

Many applications such as forensics, surveillance, satellite imaging, medical imaging, etc., demand High-Resolution (HR) images. However, obtaining an HR image is not always possible due to the limitations of optical sensors and their costs. An alternative solution called Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) is a software-driven approach that aims to take a Low-Resolution (LR) image and obtain the HR image. Most supervised SISR solutions use ground truth HR image as a target and do not include the information provided in the LR image, which could be valuable. In this work, we introduce Triplet Loss-based Generative Adversarial Network hereafter referred as SRTGAN for Image Super-Resolution problem on real-world degradation. We introduce a new triplet-based adversarial loss function that exploits the information provided in the LR image by using it as a negative sample. Allowing the patch-based discriminator with access to both HR and LR images optimizes to better differentiate between HR and LR images; hence, improving the adversary. Further, we propose to fuse the adversarial loss, content loss, perceptual loss, and quality loss to obtain Super-Resolution (SR) image with high perceptual fidelity. We validate the superior performance of the proposed method over the other existing methods on the RealSR dataset in terms of quantitative and qualitative metrics.Comment: Affiliated with the Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), India and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway. Presented at the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision and Image Processing (CVIP) 202

Root Colonization by Microorganisms and The Effects of PGPR On Plant Growth: A Mini-Review

This brief review provides a concise overview of the impact of microorganisms that colonize roots on plant growth, with a particular focus on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). At the root-soil interface, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi interact with plants, providing various advantages, including nutrient acquisition, pathogen protection, and stress tolerance. PGPR, which are bacteria that promote plant growth through mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, potassium solubilization, induction of plant stress resistance and siderophore production, are among the most beneficial of these microorganisms. The colonization process entails chemotaxis, adhesion, and colonization of both the rhizosphere and endosphere, which are facilitated by exopolysaccharides, biofilm formation, and signaling molecules. PGPR has been shown to boost root and shoot growth, enhance nutrient and water use efficiency, and enhance plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. These effects are mediated by direct and indirect interactions between PGPR and plants, which involve modulation of plant immune responses and systemic resistance. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to the exploitation of PGPR in sustainable agriculture. PGPR can reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but further research is required to unravel the complex interactions between microorganisms and plants, identify key signaling molecules in root colonization, and optimize the use of PGPR in various crops. This brief review underlines the importance of root colonization by microorganisms, particularly PGPR, in promoting plant growth and sustainable agriculture

Fibronectin rescues estrogen receptor α from lysosomal degradation in breast cancer cells

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is expressed in tissues as diverse as brains and mammary glands. In breast cancer, ERα is a key regulator of tumor progression. Therefore, understanding what activates ERα is critical for cancer treatment in particular and cell biology in general. Using biochemical approaches and superresolution microscopy, we show that estrogen drives membrane ERα into endosomes in breast cancer cells and that its fate is determined by the presence of fibronectin (FN) in the extracellular matrix; it is trafficked to lysosomes in the absence of FN and avoids the lysosomal compartment in its presence. In this context, FN prolongs ERα half-life and strengthens its transcriptional activity. We show that ERα is associated with β1-integrin at the membrane, and this integrin follows the same endocytosis and subcellular trafficking pathway triggered by estrogen. Moreover, ERα+ vesicles are present within human breast tissues, and colocalization with β1-integrin is detected primarily in tumors. Our work unravels a key, clinically relevant mechanism of microenvironmental regulation of ERα signaling.Fil: Sampayo, Rocío Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Toscani, Andrés Martin. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Rubashkin, Matthew G.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Thi, Kate. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Masullo, Luciano Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Violi, Ianina Lucila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias "Elizabeth Jares Erijman"; ArgentinaFil: Lakins, Jonathon N.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Caceres, Alfredo Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; ArgentinaFil: Hines, William C.. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Coluccio Leskow, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Stefani, Fernando Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Chialvo, Dante Renato. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro Internacional de Estudios Avanzados; ArgentinaFil: Bissell, Mina J.. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Weaver, Valerie M.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Simian, Marina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Nanosistemas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; Argentin

Release of Intracellular Calcium Stores Facilitates Coxsackievirus Entry into Polarized Endothelial Cells

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are associated with viral-induced heart disease and are among the leading causes of aseptic meningitis worldwide. Here we show that CVB entry into polarized brain microvasculature and aortic endothelial cells triggers a depletion of intracellular calcium stores initiated through viral attachment to the apical attachment factor decay-accelerating factor. Calcium release was dependent upon a signaling cascade that required the activity of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C, and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isoform 3. CVB-mediated calcium release was required for the activation of calpain-2, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, which controlled the vesicular trafficking of internalized CVB particles. These data point to a specific role for calcium signaling in CVB entry into polarized endothelial monolayers and highlight the unique signaling mechanisms used by these viruses to cross endothelial barriers

Negative regulators of integrin activity

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors composed of α- and β-subunits. They are ubiquitously expressed and have key roles in a number of important biological processes, such as development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis and immunological responses. The activity of integrins, which indicates their affinity towards their ligands, is tightly regulated such that signals inside the cell cruicially regulate the switching between active and inactive states. An impaired ability to activate integrins is associated with many human diseases, including bleeding disorders and immune deficiencies, whereas inappropriate integrin activation has been linked to inflammatory disorders and cancer. In recent years, the molecular details of integrin ‘inside-out’ activation have been actively investigated. Binding of cytoplasmic proteins, such as talins and kindlins, to the cytoplasmic tail of β-integrins is widely accepted as being the crucial step in integrin activation. By contrast, much less is known with regard to the counteracting mechanism involved in switching integrins into an inactive conformation. In this Commentary, we aim to discuss the known mechanisms of integrin inactivation and the molecules involved