Quarkonia and heavy-flavour production in CMS

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) has measured numerous quarkonium states via their decays into muon pairs in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV. Quarkonia are especially relevant for studying the quark-gluon plasma since they are produced at early times and propagate through the medium, mapping its evolution. Non-prompt J/psi from b-hadron decays show a strong suppression in the transverse momentum range (6.5 < p_T < 30 GeV/c) when compared to the yield in pp collisions scaled by the number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions. This suppression is related to the in-medium b-quark energy loss. In the same kinematic region, for prompt J/psi, a strong, centrality-dependent suppression is observed in PbPb collisions. Such strong suppression at high p_T has previously not been observed at RHIC. At midrapidity (|y| < 1.6) and the same p_T region, inclusive psi(2S) are even stronger suppressed than J/psi, whereas psi(2S) at forward rapidity (1.6 < |y| < 2.4) and lower p_T (3 < p_T < 30 GeV/c) appear to be less suppressed than J/psi, however, with large uncertainties that prevent a conclusion. Furthermore, low-p_T Y(2S) and Y(3S) mesons are strongly suppressed in PbPb collisions. The suppression of the Y(1S) state is smaller than the suppression of the excited states and consistent with the suppression of the feed-down contribution only.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions, Cagliari, Italy, May 27-June 1, 2012; (v2: fixed typos

Measurement of the dielectron continuum in p+p and Au+Au collisions at RHIC

PHENIX has measured the e^+e^- pair continuum in sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au and p+p collisions over a wide range of mass and transverse momenta. While the p+p data in the mass range below the phi meson are well described by known contributions from light meson decays, the Au+Au minimum bias inclusive mass spectrum shows an enhancement by a factor of 4.7 +/- 0.4(stat)} +/- 1.5(syst) +/- 0.9(model) in the mass range 0.15<m_ee<0.75 GeV/c^2. At low mass (m_ee<0.3 GeV/c^2) and high p_T (1<p_T<5~GeV/c) an enhanced e^+e^- pair yield is observed that is in qualitative agreement with hydrodynamical models of thermal photon emission with initial temperatures ranging from T_init ~= 300-600 MeV at times of 0.6-0.15 fm/c after the collision.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Proc. of XLVth Rencontres de Moriond 2010 - QCD and High Energy Interactions, La Thuile, Italy, March 13-20, 201

Charmonium production measured in PbPb and pp collisions by CMS

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is fully equipped to measure hard probes in the di-muon decay channel in the high multiplicity environment of nucleus-nucleus collisions. Such probes are especially relevant for studying the quark-gluon plasma since they are produced at early times and propagate through the medium, mapping its evolution. CMS is able to distinguish non-prompt from prompt J/psi in pp and PbPb collisions. We report here the nuclear modification factor of prompt J/psi in PbPb as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity, and the number of nucleons participating in the collision.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2011), Annecy, France, May 23-28, 201

Upsilon suppression in PbPb collisions at the LHC

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) has measured the suppression of the bottomonium states Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV relative to pp collisions, scaled by the number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions. CMS observed a stronger suppression for the weaker bound Y(2S) and Y(3S) states than for the ground state Y(1S). Such "sequential melting" has been predicted to be a clear signature for the creation of a quark-gluon plasma. The suppression of the Y(1S) and Y(2S) has been measured as a function of collision centrality for Y in the rapidity interval |y| < 2.4 and with transverse momentum (p_T) down to 0. Furthermore, the p_T and rapidity dependence of the Y(1S) suppression are presented.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Proc. 14th Int. Conf. on B-Physics at Hadron Machines (Beauty 2013), Bologna, Italy, April 8-12, 201

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass