A Hybrid based Distributed Slot Scheduling Approach for WSN MAC

In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs), collision handling during transmission of data is an important challenge. MAC protocol plays a vital role in handling those collisions. Among different types of MAC protocols, schedule based MAC protocol is one where a valid schedule is prepared to handle the collision. The existing schedule based MAC protocols focus on preparing either a feasible schedule or an optimal schedule. In order to satisfy both feasibility as well as optimality feature, in this paper, we proposed a hybrid approach for slot scheduling that prepares a feasible schedule in a distributed manner and at the same time reduces the number of slots in the feasible schedule to achieve optimality. In this paper, we named this as Hybrid based Distributed Slot Scheduling (HDSS) approach. The proposed HDSS algorithm initially prepares a feasible schedule which is further tuned in quick time to prepare a valid schedule with a reduced number of slots. The reduction of the number of slots in the schedule improves the efficiency of data transmission in terms of latency. The simulation results show that the HDSS algorithm outperforms RD-TDMA with respect to both the number of slots allotted for a feasible schedule as well as the data transmission latency

Study of analgesic property of diacerein in rat

Background: Diacerein has been known as an anti-osteoarthritic agent that is usually given along with other analgesic drugs. Still there is no evidence of the analgesic effect of diacerein alone. So this pilot study was undertaken to assess the analgesic property at supra-spinal level by using the tail-flick method.Methods: Diacerein at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg was given to Albino wistar rats weighing approximately 100-200 grams along with distilled water as placebo. All drugs were given by oral routes and the analgesic effect was evaluated using analgesiometer at baseline, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min. Analgesic activity was measured as change in tail flick latency from baseline in animals.Results: Diacerein showed significant increase in tail flick latency and showed promising analgesic activity compared to placebo starting from 15 mins till 60 mins. However the effect persisted up to one hour only and after which it started decreasing.Conclusions: Diacerein at all the three doses possess dose dependant analgesic activity that is maximally effective up to 60 minutes

Multi-Token Based MAC-Cum-Routing Protocol for WSN: A Distributed Approach

A wireless sensor network is a collection of batterypowered sensor nodes distributed in a geographical area. Inmany applications, such networks are left unattended for along period of time. These networks suffer from the problemslike high energy consumption, high latency time, and end- to-end low packet delivery ratio. To design a protocol that findsa trade-off between these problems is a challenging task. Inorder to mitigate energy consumption issue, different existingMedia Access Control (MAC) protocols such as S-MAC, RMAC,HEMAC, and Congestion-less Single Token MAC protocols havebeen proposed which ensure better packet delivery but fail toensure energy efficiency due to high end-to-end latency. Theproblem of high end-to-end latency is resolved with the existingrouting protocols such as Fault Tolerant Multilevel Routingprotocol (FMS)and Enhanced Tree Routing (ETR) protocol.AS2-MAC and Multi Token based MAC protocol are able toimprove the end-to-end packet delivery ratio. However, thehierarchical network structure used in these protocols increasestime and energy consumption during network reconstruction.This problem was further resolved in Distributed HierarchicalStructure Routing protocol by constructing the network structurein a distributed manner. In all these existing protocols, efficienttoken management and reliable data delivery ratio was notproperly addressed, which in turn consume more energy. So,it is clear that MAC and routing protocols both together cangive better results related to data transmission in WSN. Inorder to achieve the same, in this paper, we propose a reliabledata transmission algorithm that satisfies both routing and MACprotocol to improve the end-to-end data delivery. The proposedprotocol uses different control message exchange that ensures datapacket delivery in each individual levels and it ultimately uses oftokens to ensure reliable data transmission along with reducedtraffic congestion during end-to-end data delivery. The algorithmconsiderably improves the packet delivery ratio along with reduceenergy consumption of each sensor node. Simulation studies ofthe proposed approach have been carried out and its performancehas been compared with the Multi Token based MAC protocol,AS-MAC protocol and ETR routing protocol. The experimentalresults based on simulation confirms that the proposed approachhas a higher data packet delivery ratio

ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN A NEW TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF A TRIBAL DISTRICT OF ODISHA

Objective: India accounts for about one-fourth of the global TB burden. WHO TB statistics for India for 2018 gives an estimated incidence fig. of 2.69 million cases (199 per one lakh population). Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality of the TB patient if these drugs continued after symptoms of hepatotoxicity develop. Whether the hepatotoxicity is due to individual drugs or due to additive effects is still unclear. The management therapy for TB patients with anti-TB DIH is imperative to ensure successful TB treatment and not recurrence DIH. Aim of the current study is to find out the pattern of Liver enzyme raised after antitubercular therapy in the tribal population of Koraput district where different phylogenetic populations reside where clinically it was observed by the physician little early onset of hepatotoxicity than national and international data. Methods: A prospective study was done after clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee, Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College, Koraput, from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with>15 y of age with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with normal liver enzymes were included. Patients having abnormal liver enzymes before treatment, seropositive TB patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, pregnant ladies and children<15 y of age were excluded. Results: Out of 922 patients in total; 4.78% (44) tuberculosis patients developed anti TB DIH. 68.18% (30) patients are below 50 y of age and 31.82% (14) are above 50 y of age group among TB patients with DIH. Age has no statistically significant influence on the occurrence of anti-TB DIH, but there is a statistically significant influence of sex on the occurrence of anti TB DIH. The mean occurrence of anti TB DIH is 18±18.16 d. One case of anti TB DIH patients shows signs and symptoms as early as on day 6th. The commonest symptoms are nausea and vomiting in 64% of patients who developed DIH. Interruption of ATT after DIH occurred in 79.54% of patients with recurrence in only 9.9% of patients after the reintroduction of ATT. Conclusion: Anti TB DIH mostly occurred between 7-28 d of starting the ATT in this geographical region. The duration of the anti TB ATT regimen is prolonged due to DIH. We recommend that all patients should have LTs 2 w after starting ATT, even if asymptomatic

An application of Poisson hidden Markov model to forecast endometrial cancer cases in Odisha, India

Background: Time series model often used for forecasting, but inadequate when the data series is unbounded and over dispersed in nature. Moreover, if the observations are serially dependent, then Markov dependent mixture model i.e., Poisson Hidden Markov model can be used. The objective of this study was to apply Poisson Hidden Markov model to forecast month wise new endometrial cancer cases. Materials and Methods: Month-wise total number of registered endometrial cancer cases has been collected from a local cancer hospital in Odisha from January, 2017 to December, 2021. In this paper we have applied the Poisson hidden Markov model to forecast, the number of endometrial cancer cases for next 12 months. Results: Three state Poisson hidden Markov model was found as best fitted model and used to forecast the endometrial cancer cases for the next 12 months. The results showed that the number of endometrial cancer cases most likely to lie in state 2 in January and in state 3 in rest of the months in 2022. The monthly forecasted mean of endometrial cancer cases varies between 34 to 38 for the year 2022. Conclusion: This study reveals that the average endometrial cancer cases will increase in future months. It is also suggested that, the three-state hidden Markov model can be used to fit and forecast the distribution of the number of endometrial cancer cases

Optimization of bioethanol production from saccharified sweet potato root flour by co-fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia sp. using OVAT and response surface methodologies

In recent years with the increase in price of fossil fuels, the demand of biofuel production from tuber crops such as sweet potato has become very important to meet the future energy crisis in developing countries. In the present study, fermentation of saccharified sweet potato root flour (SPRF) was carried out using co-culture of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia sp. in immobilized condition for bioethanol production. Various growth parameters like incubation time, fermentation medium pH, incubation temperature and inoculum size were initially optimized using one variable at a time (OVAT) methodology. Then, temperature, pH and incubation time were found to be the most favorable variables for the maximum ethanol production with Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum ethanol yield of 127.2 ± 2 g/kg of SPRF was obtained at pH 5 with an incubation period of 72 h at 30 °C by OVAT methodology. RSM further enhanced the bioethanol yield to 138.6 ± 3 g/kg of SPRF with an overall increase of 8.22% as compared to the OVAT method

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI