Dilemas éticos de los investigadores que acompañan procesos de investigación-acción en el marco de la escuela intercultural inclusiva

En el marco de una investigación- acción, el artículo presenta los dilemas vividos por un equipo de investigación que ha acompañado a cinco escuelas en sus respectivos procesos de transformación hacia un modelo de escuela intercultural inclusiva. En el camino, se han manifestado diversas preocupaciones o problemas éticos por parte del equipo investigador, sobre su propio rol como investigadores o sobre a las relaciones entre los agentes educativos participantes en el proceso de indagación colaborativa. Estos se han sentido desestabilizados en algún momento y han vivido incertidumbres o dilemas respecto de sus valores personales o principios profesionales. El estudio empírico recoge estos dilemas y, partiendo de los resultados, se proponen algunas pautas de actuación en relación a la ética profesional en el marco de un modelo de escuela intercultural e inclusiva.In an action research framework, this article presents dilemmas experienced by a research team accompanying five schools in their respective transformation processes towards an intercultural inclusive school model. On the way , the research team has expressed concerns or ethical problems, about their own role as researchers or about the relationship between partners in a collaborative inquiry process . Some of them have felt unsettled and have lived uncertainties or dilemmas regarding their personal values or their professional principles. This empirical study includes these dilemmas or concerns. Based on the results of the study, some guidelines are proposed for action in relation to professional ethics in the intercultural inclusive school contex

Problèmes éthiques en contexte d'intégration scolaire au Canada, en Espagne et en Suisse : la place donnée à l'élève

This article presents a part of research carried out in 2012 and 2013 to the Canada, Switzerland and Spain with fifteen school principals. The main aim of this research was to determine the type of ethical problems faced by the directions of educational establishment on the agenda of the primary in the context of school integration. During the analysis of the interviews, some results showed that the people taken into account in the reported problems were the school team, the parents or staff representatives of the administrative framework. The place occuped by students in the appearance, the outcome and the resolution of ethical problems proved to be reduced.Cet article présente une partie de résultats d'une recherche effectuée en 2012 et 2013 au Canada, en Suisse et en Espagne auprès de quinze directions d’établissement d’enseignement. L’objectif principal de cette recherche était de déterminer le type de problèmes éthiques rencontrés par des directions d’établissement d’enseignement à l’ordre du primaire en contexte d’intégration scolaire. Lors de l’analyse des entrevues individuelles, certains résultats ont fait ressortir que les personnes prises en compte dans les problèmes racontés étaient le personnel de l’équipe-école, les parents ou les représentants du cadre administratif. La place occupée par les élèves dans l’apparition, le dénouement et la résolution des problèmes éthiques s’est révélée réduite

An administrator competency in equity and diversity : new frames of reference and training : an executive summary

Ce document est une traduction de : Synthèse du rapport "Les compétences des directions en matière d’équité et de diversité : pistes pour les cadres de référence et la formation" du Groupe de travail sur les compétences et la formation des directions en matière d’équité et de diversité

Correlating Global Gene Regulation to Angiogenesis in the Developing Chick Extra-Embryonic Vascular System

International audienceBACKGROUND: Formation of blood vessels requires the concerted regulation of an unknown number of genes in a spatial-, time- and dosage-dependent manner. Determining genes, which drive vascular maturation is crucial for the identification of new therapeutic targets against pathological angiogenesis. METHOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We accessed global gene regulation throughout maturation of the chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM), a highly vascularized tissue, using pan genomic microarrays. Seven percent of analyzed genes showed a significant change in expression (>2-fold, FDR<5%) with a peak occurring from E7 to E10, when key morphogenetic and angiogenic genes such as BMP4, SMO, HOXA3, EPAS1 and FGFR2 were upregulated, reflecting the state of an activated endothelium. At later stages, a general decrease in gene expression occurs, including genes encoding mitotic factors or angiogenic mediators such as CYR61, EPAS1, MDK and MYC. We identified putative human orthologs for 77% of significantly regulated genes and determined endothelial cell enrichment for 20% of the orthologs in silico. Vascular expression of several genes including ENC1, FSTL1, JAM2, LDB2, LIMS1, PARVB, PDE3A, PRCP, PTRF and ST6GAL1 was demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Up to 9% of the CAM genes were also overexpressed in human organs with related functions, such as placenta and lung or the thyroid. 21-66% of CAM genes enriched in endothelial cells were deregulated in several human cancer types (P<.0001). Interfering with PARVB (encoding parvin, beta) function profoundly changed human endothelial cell shape, motility and tubulogenesis, suggesting an important role of this gene in the angiogenic process. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study underlines the complexity of gene regulation in a highly vascularized organ during development. We identified a restricted number of novel genes enriched in the endothelium of different species and tissues, which may play crucial roles in normal and pathological angiogenesis

Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer.

All cancers are caused by somatic mutations; however, understanding of the biological processes generating these mutations is limited. The catalogue of somatic mutations from a cancer genome bears the signatures of the mutational processes that have been operative. Here we analysed 4,938,362 mutations from 7,042 cancers and extracted more than 20 distinct mutational signatures. Some are present in many cancer types, notably a signature attributed to the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases, whereas others are confined to a single cancer class. Certain signatures are associated with age of the patient at cancer diagnosis, known mutagenic exposures or defects in DNA maintenance, but many are of cryptic origin. In addition to these genome-wide mutational signatures, hypermutation localized to small genomic regions, 'kataegis', is found in many cancer types. The results reveal the diversity of mutational processes underlying the development of cancer, with potential implications for understanding of cancer aetiology, prevention and therapy

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Les dilemmes moraux exprimés par des intervenants au début d’un projet de changement des pratiques à l’école : portrait de trois équipes

Cette recherche vise à identifier des dilemmes moraux émergeant des échanges d’intervenants de trois équipes-écoles dans le cadre d’une recherche-action-formation ayant pour objectif la transformation de pratiques favorisant la réussite et le bien-être de tous les élèves. L’analyse qualitative des discussions des équipes-écoles engagées dans le processus de changement de pratiques révèle que la présence de dilemmes dans les échanges est un indicateur d’ouverture au dialogue chez les participants vers la recherche d’un consensus.This research seeks to identify moral dilemmas emerging from exchanges between intervening stakeholders of three school-teams taking part in a research-action-training programme. The programme’s objective is to transform school practices in order to encourage and promote student success and well-being. The qualitative analysis of the school-teams’ discussions reveal that the presence of dilemmas within exchanges is an indicator of participants’ openness to dialogue as they work towards reaching a consensus