Optimizing the reproductive development of the sea cucumber Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 in captivity: advances for the species' aquaculture

Tese de mestrado, Ecologia Marinha, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019A elevada procura por pepinos-do-mar nos mercados internacionais, principalmente na Ásia, deixou um profundo impacto no stock natural de muitas espécies. Considerado um recurso alimentar altamente nutritivo, bem como um suplemento medicinal muito eficaz, os pepinos-do-mar do Indo-Pacífico foram explorados até a um ponto crítico, o que por sua vez levou a um alto investimento em aquacultura de modo a mitigar os efeitos negativos das pescas sobre as diversas espécies existentes e suprimir a escassez na oferta. Apesar dos diversos e consideráveis avanços neste sector, ainda existem poucos estudos focados inteiramente na gestão de reprodutores em cativeiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de densidade em reprodutores para a produção de Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 em cativeiro, uma espécie comum no Mar Mediterrâneo e nordeste Atlântico, com potencial valor comercial. Para isso, foram consideradas três densidades diferentes, uma baixa de 6 kg.m-3, uma média de 15 kg.m-3 e uma elevada de 30 kg.m-3. O ensaio foi realizado ao longo de um período de cinco meses, sobre os quais os parâmetros de qualidade da água foram medidos diariamente, a fim de garantir uma qualidade estável da mesma. Uma vez terminado o ensaio, foi avaliado o efeito das densidades escolhidas no desenvolvimento dos indivíduos, nomeadamente quanto ao índice gonadossomático e conteúdo nutricional, bem como as taxas de evisceração e mortalidade. O estudo efetuado sugere que a maior densidade, de 30 kg.m-3, é a que apresenta melhores resultados para o acondicionamento de H. forskali em cativeiro por curtos períodos de tempo, embora testes adicionais sejam recomendados para determinar os efeitos por períodos mais longos.The high demand of sea cucumbers in international markets, mostly based in Asia, has left a deep impact on the natural stock of many different species. Considered a highly nutritious food resource as well as a very effective and ancient medicinal supplement, sea cucumbers across the Indo-Pacific have been exploited to a critical degree, which in turn led to a high investment in aquaculture in order to mitigate the negative impacts that fishing has had over the different species of sea cucumbers, as well as satisfy their continuous demand. Despite the much considerable advancements in this sector, few studies have yet to solely focus on the impact and management of broodstock in captivity. This study aimed to determine the effects of stock density in rearing broodstock of Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 in captivity, a common species in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic with a potential commercial value. To do so, three different densities were taken into consideration, a lower one of 6 kg.m-3, a medium one of 15 kg.m-3 and a high one of 30 kg.m-3. The trial took place over a period of five months, over which water quality parameters were measured daily in order to ensure a good water quality. At the end of the trial, the effects of stock density on the individuals’ condition were assessed, namely regarding their gonadosomatic index, nutritional content as well as evisceration and mortality rates. Results obtained in this study point towards the highest density of 30 kg.m-3 being the most beneficial for rearing H. forskali in captivity for short periods of time, although further testing is recommended to determine the effects for longer periods of time

Gestão internacional de recursos humanos na PSP: o perfil de competências do oficial de polícia expatriado

A cooperação policial internacional e a externalização da segurança interna são uma realidade para a qual despertámos fruto dos novos riscos e ameaças presentes no nosso mundo. A gestão internacional de recursos humanos tem vindo a ganhar espaço neste âmbito. A expatriação é uma ferramenta fundamental na cooperação policial internacional. Dado que tal cooperação passa necessariamente pela colocação de elementos policiais noutros países e em organizações internacionais. A Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP) não escapa esta realidade tendo já definido como objetivo estratégico reforçar a sua presença no estrangeiro através de oficiais de ligação ou de oficiais junto de organismos internacionais. O presente estudo, baseado em métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, tem como objetivo definir o perfil de competências do oficial expatriado, para que a gestão de recursos humanos possa escolher a pessoa que garanta a maior probabilidade de sucesso da missão. Realizou-se um estudo de caso na PSP onde foram aplicados questionários para definir o perfil de competências do oficial de polícia expatriado, nas vertentes de oficial de ligação e de representação em organismos internacionais. Foram também realizadas entrevistas a Oficiais possuidores de informação privilegiada sobre esta temática, com o intuito de perceber a atual política de expatriação da PSP. Como resultado desta investigação verifica-se que a atual política de gestão de recursos humanos da PSP não contempla as particularidades da expatriação e que não está definido um perfil de competências para o oficial de polícia expatriado. Assim, no presente trabalho propõe-se um modelo de recrutamento e seleção de oficiais de polícia a expatriar com base no perfil de competências comportamentais chave e transversais que resulta do nosso estudo e que são a abertura de espírito, a capacidade de adaptação à mudança, a tolerância ao stress, a sociabilidade, a curiosidade intelectual e o respeito pelos outros.International police cooperation and the externalization of internal security are a reality for which we have awakened due to the new global risks and threats in our world. International human resources management is gaining importance in this area. Expatriation is a key tool in international police cooperation, since such cooperation involves the placement of police officers in other countries and in international organizations. The present study, based on qualitative and quantitative methods, aims to identify the skills profile for the Public Security Police (PSP) Senior Officers expatriates, so that human resources management can select the person with a highest probability of success for the international mission. This was achieved through a case study within the PSP where questionnaires were applied to define the skills profile of the expatriates. Interviews were also conducted with Senior Officers in order to assess what is their opinion regarding the PSP expatriation policies.The result of this investigation revealed that the PSP human resources management policies and practices does not consider the expatriation particularities and that is not defined a skills profile for expatriates. The present paper proposes a model of recruitment and selection for expatriates based on transversal skills, which are the open mind, the ability to adapt to change, the tolerance to stress, the sociability, the intellectual curiosity and the respect for others.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

La Relación Entre la Motivación Docente y Variables de la Organización: Revisión de la Literatura

Abstract Teacher motivation plays a central role in education because ofitsimpacton student motivation. Previous reviews of teacher motivation have focused on individual variables and psychopathology indicators. However, it is also important to understand the effect of organizational variableson teacher motivationbecause these highlightthe contextthat the teacher is a part of(i.e.,the school). The literature review in this paper analysed studies related to teacher motivation and a pre-defined group of organizational variablesthat werepublished between 1990 and 2014 in several electronic databases.The study found that organizational culture was the most studied variable associated with teacher motivationand most studies in this area were published between 2010 and 2014.Further,there was a prevalence of quantitative studies. This paper concludes with the theoreticaland practical implications of the results,as well assuggestions for future research directions

Pterodon pubescens and cordia verbenacea association promotes a synergistic response in antinociceptive model and improves the anti-inflammatory results in animal models

This study evaluated the pharmacological effect of the association of crude extract from the fruits of Pterodon pubescens (Pp) with the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea (Cv) in antinociception and anti-inflammatory experimental models. The effective doses of each extract and the combinations used in the associations of extracts were defined by acetic acid-induced writhing test. The separate extracts were also evaluated on formalin test. Interaction between extracts was assessed by isobologram method. The effects of different concentrations of associations (A(50), A(100) and A(200)) were evaluated on formalin test, tail flick and hot plate. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in paw edema induced by carrageenan and PGE2, carrageenan-induced peritonitis and mechanical allodynia induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). The associations were markedly synergistic, as assessed using isobolographic analyses. On formalin and on acetic acid-induced writhing tests, associations demonstrated greater efficacy when compared to extracts separately. In paw edema models, significant reductions of edema were observed. On mechanical allodynia induced by CFA, associations were effective at acute phase with pronounced effect at chronic phase. The associations were not effective in hot plate, tail flick and carrageenan-induced peritonitis tests. Phytochemical analysis by HPLC-DAD and FID showed important concentrations of a-Humulene, trans-Caryophyllene, geranylgeraniol, isomers 6 alpha-hydroxy-7 beta-acetoxy-vouacapan-17 beta oate methyl ester and 6 alpha-acetoxy-7 beta-hydroxy-vouacapan-17 beta-oate methyl ester (compounds m/z 404) and 6 alpha,7 beta-dihydroxyvouacapan-17 beta-oate methyl ester (m/z 362). These findings demonstrate that the associations promote synergistic antinociceptive effect and important anti-inflammatory activities, especially on chronic inflammation conditions, at lower doses than the separate crude extracts, without demonstrating side effects, probably acting in different pharmacological receptors. The inhibition of inflammation suggests a relationship with inflammatory mediators and PGE(2) pathway and might be exploited to achieve greater anti-inflammatory efficacy, being considered as a potential phytotherapy112FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo2013/15709-5; 2015/08600-

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data