Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats

Peer reviewe

A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Contains fulltext : 153022.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males

Macrophages and RhoA Pathway in Transplanted Organs

International audienceRhoA is a small GTPase that, via its downstream effectors, regulates a variety of cell functions such as cytokinesis, cell migration, vesicular trafficking, and phagocytosis. As such the RhoA pathway is also pivotal for proper functioning of immune cells including macrophages. By controlling actin cytoskeleton organization, RhoA pathway modulates macrophage's polarity and basic functions: phagocytosis, migration, and extracellular matrix degradation. Numerous studies indicate that macrophages are very important effectors contributing to acute and chronic rejection of transplanted organs. In this review we discuss the role of RhoA pathway in governance of macrophage's functions in terms of transplanted organs

A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

© 2015 Karmin et al. It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males

Combat : hebdomadaire du Mouvement de libération française

16 février 19431943/02/16 (N92)-1943/02/16

A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

© 2015 Karmin et al. It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males