Persistence and Remission of Musculoskeletal Pain in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93534/1/jgs4082.pd

Recommender Systems

The ongoing rapid expansion of the Internet greatly increases the necessity of effective recommender systems for filtering the abundant information. Extensive research for recommender systems is conducted by a broad range of communities including social and computer scientists, physicists, and interdisciplinary researchers. Despite substantial theoretical and practical achievements, unification and comparison of different approaches are lacking, which impedes further advances. In this article, we review recent developments in recommender systems and discuss the major challenges. We compare and evaluate available algorithms and examine their roles in the future developments. In addition to algorithms, physical aspects are described to illustrate macroscopic behavior of recommender systems. Potential impacts and future directions are discussed. We emphasize that recommendation has a great scientific depth and combines diverse research fields which makes it of interests for physicists as well as interdisciplinary researchers.Comment: 97 pages, 20 figures (To appear in Physics Reports

Developing the practice context to enable more effective pain management with older people: an action research approach

Background\ud \ud This paper, which draws upon an Emancipatory Action Research (EAR) approach, unearths how the complexities of context influence the realities of nursing practice. While the intention of the project was to identify and change factors in the practice context that inhibit effective person-centred pain management practices with older people (65 years or older), reflective critical engagement with the findings identified that enhancing pain management practices with older people was dependent on cultural change in the unit as a whole. \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud An EAR approach was utilised. The project was undertaken in a surgical unit that conducted complex abdominal surgery. Eighty-five percent (n = 48) of nursing staff participated in the two-year project (05/NIR02/107). Data were obtained through the use of facilitated critical reflection with nursing staff. \ud \ud Results\ud \ud Three key themes (psychological safety, leadership, oppression) and four subthemes (power, horizontal violence, distorted perceptions, autonomy) were found to influence the way in which effective nursing practice was realised. Within the theme of 'context,' effective leadership and the creation of a psychologically safe environment were key elements in the enhancement of all aspects of nursing practice. \ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud Whilst other research has identified the importance of 'practice context' and models and frameworks are emerging to address this issue, the theme of 'psychological safety' has been given little attention in the knowledge translation/implementation literature. Within the principles of EAR, facilitated reflective sessions were found to create 'psychologically safe spaces' that supported practitioners to develop effective person-centred nursing practices in complex clinical environments

Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive

retinal histology Introduction Psychophysical results suggest that the primate visual system is equally sensitive to both the onset and offset of short-wavelength light and that these responses are carried by separate pathways (Smith et al., 1989; DeMarco et al., 1994; Chichilnisky and Wandell, 1996; McLellan and Eskew, 2000). However, physiological studies of cells in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) find far fewer OFF-center cells than ON-center cells whose receptive-fields are driven by short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones (Kruger, 1977; Malpeli and Schiller, 1978; de Monasterio, 1979; Zrenner and Gouras, 1981; Zrenner, 1983) (but see Valberg et al., 1986). The scarcity of cells with S-cone OFF-center receptive fields was surprising because Golgi studies suggested that each foveal cone is presynaptic to one invaginating (ON) and one flat (OFF) midget bipolar cell and that each midget bipolar cell is presynaptic to a single midget ganglion cell (Polyak, 1941; Boyc