Generalists versus specialists : iberian public firm performance in a gender perspective

We propose that general managerial skills gathered during lifetime work experience are negatively related to firm performance even though generalist CEOs often demand a considerable pay premium. This negative performance should be alleviated with longer CEO tenure and vary with gender and macroeconomic conditions. We use CEO data of 88 public Iberian firms from 2010 through 2020 to build an index that represents general managerial skills over five categories that are transferable across industries and companies. Based on this sample, we find support for the negative association between the degree of general expertise and performance which is lessened in periods of crisis (in this case of the sovereign debt crises that affected both Portugal and Spain) and in case the CEO is a woman. Male CEOs with generalist skills, during crisis times, outperform their specialist counterparts, while the winners are generalist women who outperform specialist men in the top corporate position. These findings have repercussions for the more and more widespread practice of seeking to hire more generalist CEOs in an attempt to enhance firm performance, and the historical bias towards men leading the corporate world.Propomos que as competências gerais de gestão recolhidas durante a experiência de trabalho ao longo da vida profissional estejam negativamente relacionadas com o desempenho da empresa, embora os CEO mais generalistas exijam um premium salarial considerável. Este desempenho negativo deve ser atenuado com o tempo cumulativo do CEO na empresa, género e estado de crise macroeconómico. Utilizamos dados de CEO de 88 empresas públicas ibéricas de 2010 a 2020 para construir um índice que representa competências gerais de gestão ao longo de cinco categorias que são transferíveis entre indústrias e empresas. Com base nesta amostra, encontramos apoio à associação negativa entre o grau de especialização geral e o desempenho que é diminuído em períodos de crise (neste caso particular das crises da dívida soberana que afetaram tanto Portugal como Espanha) e no caso de o CEO ser uma mulher. Os CEO masculinos com habilidades generalistas, durante os tempos de crise, superam o seu homólogo especialista, enquanto os vencedores são mulheres generalistas que superam os homens especialistas no cargo de topo corporativo. Estas conclusões preliminares têm repercussões para a prática cada vez mais generalizada de procurar contratar CEOs mais generalistas numa tentativa de melhorar o desempenho da empresa, e a tendência histórica para a liderança dos homens no mundo corporativo

Tuberculose abdominal de apresentação atípica acometendo próstata e fígado, com disseminação miliar pulmonar: relato de caso / abdominal tuberculosis of atypical presentation accompeting prostate and phygum, with pulmonary mile dissemination: case report

A tuberculose tem como principais órgãos acometidos os pulmões, com o comprometimento abdominal ocorrendo em cerca de 12% dos pacientes com acometimento extrapulmonar (pleural e ganglionar são os mais frequentes). A forma abdominal pode envolver diversas estruturas, como os tratos gastrintestinal e geniturinário, fígado, baço, pâncreas, peritônio e linfonodos, afetando órgãos sólidos em cerca de 10% dos casos, com o comprometimento hepático ocorrendo em menos de 1% de todas as infecções tuberculosas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um caso raro de tuberculose macronodular no fígado e próstata, com apresentação radiológica atípica pseudotumoral, em um paciente com tuberculose miliar pulmonar. 

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: a dataset of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed and grey literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive dataset of inventories of mammal, bird and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete dataset comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals - Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds - Pauxi tuberosa (3,713 records); and reptiles - Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens-up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The dataset is not copyright restricted; please cite this data-paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using this data

Resumos concluídos - Neurociências

Resumos concluídos -  Neurociência

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data

Resumos concluídos - Neurociências

Resumos concluídos - Neurociência

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved