El control de los gastos del Estado en función de la evolución histórica de las exigencias y técnicas presupuestarias

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída en 1983.Fac. de DerechoTRUEProQuestpu

El control de los gastos del Estado en función de la evolución histórica de las exigencias y técnicas presupuestarias

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída en 1983.Fac. de DerechoTRUEProQuestpu

Selección De Personal Para El Banco Del Llano S.A

N/AEl proyecto se centra en mejorar la selección de personal en el Banco del Llano S.A., un banco en Colombia orientado hacia la atención al cliente y la expansión nacional. Enfrenta desafíos en el mercado laboral, como la brecha de habilidades y la diversidad cultural. Se inicia con una introducción sobre la importancia de la selección de personal en un entorno competitivo, abordando sesgos y discriminación respaldados por investigaciones. Se justifica el proyecto citando expertos en recursos humanos, enfatizando la relevancia estratégica de mejorar los procesos de selección. Se busca identificar fortalezas y debilidades en el proceso de selección del banco, con el argumento de que una selección efectiva no solo beneficia comercialmente a la entidad, sino que también tiene un impacto social positivo mediante la generación de empleo y el fortalecimiento organizativo. Los objetivos incluyen optimizar el proceso de selección con un modelo eficaz que promueva la diversidad, utilizar pruebas y evaluaciones para identificar candidatos adecuados, y explorar la evolución de la gestión humana, enfocándose en el talento como ventaja competitiva. Se mencionan detalles legales que respaldan el proceso de selección, como la Ley de Protección de Datos Personales y leyes que garantizan la igualdad de oportunidades y la protección contra la discriminación. La metodología de investigación es mixta, combinando enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos, y se describe la población objetivo, el tamaño de la muestra y las técnicas de análisis de datos. Los resultados resaltan la necesidad de innovación, especialmente la incorporación de inteligencia artificial para reducir sesgos. Se hacen recomendaciones, como adoptar tecnologías emergentes, desarrollar programas de formación innovadores y estrategias para la diversidad e inclusión, y monitorear las tendencias laborales.The project focuses on improving staff selection at Banco del Llano S.A., a bank in Colombia oriented towards customer service and national expansion. It faces challenges in the labour market, such as skills gap and cultural diversity. It begins with an introduction on the importance of staff selection in a competitive environment, addressing biases and discrimination supported by research. The project is justified by quoting human resources experts, emphasizing the strategic relevance of improving selection processes. It seeks to identify strengths and weaknesses in the selection process of the bank, arguing that an effective selection not only benefits the entity commercially, but also has a positive social impact through employment generation and organizational strengthening. Objectives include optimizing the selection process with an effective model that promotes diversity, using tests and evaluations to identify suitable candidates, and exploring the evolution of human management, focusing on talent as a competitive advantage. Legal details supporting the selection process are mentioned, such as the Personal Data Protection Act and laws guaranteeing equal opportunities and protection against discrimination. The research methodology is mixed, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, and describes the target population, sample size and data analysis techniques. The results highlight the need for innovation, especially the incorporation of artificial intelligence to reduce biases. Recommendations are made, such as adopting emerging technologies, developing innovative training programs and strategies for diversity and inclusion, and monitoring work trends

Separata Taller de poesía Hector Rojas Herazo

El pan y las palabrasMuestra del taller de poesía Héctor Rojas HerazoAsí recuerda el poeta venezolano Eugenio Montejo, la panadería desu padre y sus rituales de panadero, para aproximar esta experienciade su infancia a un modelo de taller literario: “Era éste un taller deverdad, como es verdad el pan nuestro de cada día. Mi padre habíaaprendido de muchacho el oficio de panadero. Se inició, como cualquieraprendiz, barriendo y cargando canastos, y llegó a ser con los añosmaestro de cuadra, hasta poseer más tarde su propia panadería, eltaller que cobijó buena parte de mi infancia. No sé cómo pude antesolvidar lo que debo para mi arte y para mi vida a aquella cuadra, aaquellos hombres que, noche a noche, ritualmente, se congregabanante los largos mesones a hacer el pan (…) La harina es la sustanciaesencial que en mi memoria resguarda aquellos años. Su blancuralo contagiaba todo: las pestañas, las manos, el pelo, pero también lascosas, los gestos, las palabras (…) El pan y las palabras se juntan enmi imaginación sacralizados por una misma persistencia”

A study of the dry forest communities in the Dominican Republic

This paper is a floristic and phytosociological study of the dry forest communities of the Dominican Republic. A total of 69 relevés in dry forest biotopes were carried out. The samples were subsequently subjected to Detrended Correspondence Analysis for the determination and study of possible groupings. The study does not cover tree formations growing on serpentines, nor the so-called semideciduous forests, peculiar to areas with higher rainfall. A total of nine phytocoenoses were identified. The most significant results led to the description of six new phytosociological associations: Simaroubetum berteroani (thorny dry forest on coastal dunes), Phyllostylo rhamnoidis-Prosopidetum juliflorae (southern Dominican disturbed dry forest), Consoleo moniliformis-Camerarietum linearifoliae (dry forest on hard limestones), Lemaireocereo hystricis-Prosopidetum juliflorae (northern Dominican disturbed dry forest), Lycio americani-Prosopidetum juliflorae (disturbed dry forest on saline soils) and Guettardo ellipticae-Guapiretum discoloris (dry forest on flat-topped hillocks in Montecristi). This is an important step forward in the phytosociological and floristic studies of the Caribbean territories.Este trabalho apresenta um estudo florístico e fitossociológico das comunidades de florestas secas da República Dominicana. Um total de 69 amostras foram obtidas pelo método relevé em biótopos florestais secos. As amostras foram posteriormente submetidas à análise de correspondência destendenciada para a determinação e estudo de possíveis agrupamentos. O estudo não abrange formações arbóreas desenvolvidas sobre serpentinitos, nem as chamadas florestas semideciduais, peculiares às áreas de maior pluviosidade. Foram identificados nove fitocenoses. Os resultados mais significativos levaram à descrição de seis novas associações fitossociológicas: Simaroubetum berteroani (floresta espinhosa seca em dunas costeiras), Phyllostylo rhamnoidis-Prosopidetum juliflorae (floresta seca perturbada do sul da República Dominicana), Consoleo moniliformis-Camerarietum linearifoliae (floresta seca sobre calcários compactos), Lemaireocereo hystricis-Prosopidetum juliflorae (floresta seca perturbada do norte da República Dominicana), Lycio americani-Prosopidetum juliflorae (floresta seca perturbada desenvolvida em solos salinos) Guettardo ellipticae-Guapiretum discoloris (floresta seca em colinas de topo achatado em Montecristi). O trabalho realizado representa um importante avanço nos estudos fitossociológicos e florísticos dos territórios do Caribe.This research paper was possible thanks to the sponsorship of the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), under the auspices of the Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación de España, which funded the project (cod. A/3499/05)

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case-control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March-July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3-5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09-0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality