ПЛАНУВАННЯ ЗМІН В УПРАВЛІННІ ПОЛЬСЬКИМИ МОЛОЧНИМИ КООПЕРАТИВАМИ ПІСЛЯ ВІДМІНИ СИСТЕМИ КВОТ НА МОЛОКОПРОДУКТИ У ЄВРОСОЮЗІ. (PROJECTED CHANGES IN POLISH DAIRY COOPERATIVES MANAGEMENT AFTER THE REMOVAL OF THE MILK QUOTA SYSTEM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION).

Обговорюється стабільність на молочному ринку ЄС після усунення молочних квот та виробничого регулювання. Анулювання молочних квот без запровадження ефективних механізмів стабілізації молочного ринку ЄС буде несприятливим для європейських виробників молока. Ймовірно, що молочним кооперативам у Польщі та інших країнах Європейського Союзу буде необхідно покращити управління у такий спосіб, що підвищити конкурентоспроможність продукції для внутрішнього і зовнішнього ринку, у тому числі і поза межами Європейського Союзу. Конкуренція вимагає виробництва молокопродуктів з вищою доданою вартістю, покращенням управління якістю та виробничим процесом. Як результат, молочні кооперативи матимуть можливість покращити економічну ефективність, підвищуючи чистий прибуток кооперативів, тобто фермери-виробники молока в партнерстві з кооперативами матимуть змогу брати участь у розподілі дивідендів, таких як компенсація збитків, спричинених нижчими оптовими цінами на молоко. На рівні країн-членів Європейського Союзу відміна системи квотування може бути частково компенсована шляхом субсидій для виробників молока, які випливають з інтенсифікації економічної політики у таких сферах, як охорона навколишнього середовища чи соціальна допомога, а також дослідження та інновації. (Stability of the EU milk market after elimination of milk quotas and production regulation is discussed. Repealing milk quotas without effective mechanisms for stabilizing the EU milk market will be unfavourable for European milk producers. It is likely that the dairy cooperatives in Poland, and other European Union countries, will need to improve management in such ways as to enrich competitive product range for domestic and foreign markets, outside the European Union as well. Competition necessitates production of dairy products with higher added value, better quality management and better processing. As a result, dairy co-operatives will be able to increase economic efficiency, therefore increasing net profits of the cooperatives i.e. milk producing farmers, in partnership with the cooperatives will be able to participate in the dividends as compensation for losses caused by lower raw milk wholesale prices. At the level of the European Union or Member States, the removal of the quota system may be partially offset by subsidies for milk producers arising from intensification of economic policies in areas such as environment or social assistance, as well as research and innovation.

Novel mechanism of photoinduced reversible phase transitions in molecule-based magnets

A novel microscopic mechanism of bi-directional structural changes is proposed for the photo-induced magnetic phase transition in Co-Fe Prussian blue analogues on the basis of ab initio quantum chemical cluster calculations. It is shown that the local potential energies of various spin states of Co are sensitive to the number of nearest neighbor Fe vacancies. As a result, the forward and backward structural changes are most readily initiated by excitation of different local regions by different photons. This mechanism suggests an effective strategy to realize photoinduced reversible phase transitions in a general system consisting of two local components.Comment: 4 pages, LaTex, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Microstructure and tribological properties of tin bronze-graphite composites made by stir casting

The paper presents results of the studies into production of copper-based composite materials for slide bearings. The studied materials covered tin bronze based composites with addition of lubricating phases in a form of graphite. The composite materials were prepared by melting and casting with simultaneous stirring. The titanium was introduced to the metal matrix in order to improve wettability of the graphite particles. The lowest average value of the coefficient of friction was reached with the CuSn10/graphite 45 μm composite which contained 0,4 % Ti. Low coefficients of friction and wear of the friction pair were also reached with other examined composites in CuSn10 matrix

Communication methods and production techniques in fixed prosthesis fabrication: a UK based survey. Part 1: Communication methods

Statement of the problem The General Dental Council (GDC) states that members of the dental team have to 'communicate clearly and effectively with other team members and colleagues in the interest of patients'. A number of studies from different parts of the world have highlighted problems and confirmed the need for improved communication methods and production techniques between dentists and dental technicians.Aim The aim of this study was to identify the communication methods and production techniques used by dentists and dental technicians for the fabrication of fixed prostheses within the UK from the dental technicians' perspective. The current publication reports on the communication methods.Materials and methods Seven hundred and eighty-two online questionnaires were distributed to the Dental Laboratories Association membership and included a broad range of topics. Statistical analysis was undertaken to test the influence of various demographic variables.Results The number of completed responses totalled 248 (32% response rate). The laboratory prescription and the telephone were the main communication tools used. Statistical analysis of the results showed that a greater number of communication methods were used by large laboratories. Frequently missing items from the laboratory prescription were the shade and the date required. The majority of respondents (73%) stated that a single shade was selected in over half of cases. Sixty-eight percent replied that the dentist allowed sufficient laboratory time. Twenty-six percent of laboratories felt either rarely involved or not involved at all as part of the dental team.Conclusion This study suggests that there are continuing communication and teamwork issues between dentists and dental laboratories

Justify your alpha

Benjamin et al. proposed changing the conventional “statistical significance” threshold (i.e.,the alpha level) from p ≤ .05 to p ≤ .005 for all novel claims with relatively low prior odds. They provided two arguments for why lowering the significance threshold would “immediately improve the reproducibility of scientific research.” First, a p-value near .05provides weak evidence for the alternative hypothesis. Second, under certain assumptions, an alpha of .05 leads to high false positive report probabilities (FPRP2 ; the probability that a significant finding is a false positive

Sex- and age-related differences in the management and outcomes of chronic heart failure: an analysis of patients from the ESC HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Aims: This study aimed to assess age- and sex-related differences in management and 1-year risk for all-cause mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure (HF) patients. Methods and results: Of 16 354 patients included in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry, 9428 chronic HF patients were analysed [median age: 66 years; 28.5% women; mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 37%]. Rates of use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) were high (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: 85.7%, 88.7% and 58.8%, respectively). Crude GDMT utilization rates were lower in women than in men (all differences: P\ua0 64 0.001), and GDMT use became lower with ageing in both sexes, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT prescription; however, age >75 years was a significant predictor of GDMT underutilization. Rates of all-cause mortality were lower in women than in men (7.1% vs. 8.7%; P\ua0=\ua00.015), as were rates of all-cause hospitalization (21.9% vs. 27.3%; P\ua075 years. Conclusions: There was a decline in GDMT use with advanced age in both sexes. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT or adverse outcomes. However, age >75 years independently predicted lower GDMT use and higher all-cause mortality in patients with LVEF 6445%