Cronología de la erupción dentaria en caninos superiores e inferiores

Objectives: To establish the chronological sequence of the dental eruption in canines, carrying out various investigations in different studies that indicate, according to their analyzes, that there is a direct relationship with the factors that cause their eruption to be altered. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out from October to December 2020, using the following search strategy in the database: Scielo, Repository, Medical journals, within which 22 articles related to the subject were considered, taking into account that 90% of the publications and bibliographic reviews were from 2010-2020. Results: In different studies a close relationship was found in the different factors that tend to cause the advance or delay in its appearance. That is why it is necessary to consider investigating the biological factors that can affect the development of the tooth bud. Conclusion: All the information that has been obtained in this investigation, we conclude that the order of eruption of the mentioned teeth, whether they are upper and lower canines, is affected and is influenced by components such as malnutrition, geographical environment, climate, race, factor environmental, sex and age.Objetivos: Establecer la secuencia cronología de la erupción dentaria en caninos, realizando diversas investigaciones en diferentes estudios que indican según sus análisis que existe relación directa con los factores que hacen que su erupción se vea alterada. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a partir de octubre hasta diciembre del 2020, empleando la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda en la base de datos: Scielo, Repositorio, Revistas médicas dentro de los cuales se consideró 22 artículos relacionados con el tema, tomando en cuenta que el 90% de las publicaciones y revisiones bibliográficas fueron del 2010 – 2020. Resultados: En diferentes estudios se encontraron una estrecha relación en los diferentes factores que tienden a provocar el adelanto o retraso en su aparición. Es por ello que se necesita considerar investigar los factores biológicos que pueden afectar el desarrollo del brote de los dientes. Conclusión: Toda la información que se ha podido obtener en esta investigación, concluimos que el orden de erupción de los dientes mencionados, sean caninos superiores e inferiores se ve afectada e influyen los componentes como la desnutrición, el medio geográfico, el clima, la raza, factor ambiental, sexo y edad

A Primer on Resonances in Quantum Mechanics

After a pedagogical introduction to the concept of resonance in classical and quantum mechanics, some interesting applications are discussed. The subject includes resonances occurring as one of the effects of radiative reaction, the resonances involved in the refraction of electromagnetic waves by a medium with a complex refractive index, and quantum decaying systems described in terms of resonant states of the energy. Some useful mathematical approaches like the Fourier transform, the complex scaling method and the Darboux transformation are also reviewed.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, lectures presented at the Advanced Summer School in Physics 2008, Cinvestav, Mexic

Effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 used in Spain: infection, hospitalization and mortality in people aged fifty/fifty-nine

[ES] En este trabajo se comparó la efectividad de la vacuna contra la COVID-19 (EV) durante agosto de 2021, en personas nacidas entre 1962 y 1971 y vacunadas durante junio, según la marca utilizada. La protección frente a infección por SARS-CoV-2 sintomática fue menor para la vacuna de Janssen (56%; IC95%: 53-59) y AstraZeneca [Vaxzevria] (68%; IC95%: 65-70), en comparación con Pfizer [Comirnaty] (78%; IC95%: 77-78), AZ/Pfizer (86%; IC95%: 80-90) y Moderna [Spikevax] (89%; IC95%: 88-90). La EV contra la hospitalización osciló entre el 86% de Janssen y el 97%-98% de las demás vacunas. [EN]In this paper we compared brand-specific COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) during August 2021 in persons born 1962-1971 and vaccinated during June. For SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection, protection was lower for Janssen (56%; CI95%: 53-59) or AstraZeneca [Vaxzevria] (68%; CI95%: 65-70), compared to Pfizer-BioNTech [Comirnaty] (78%; CI95%: 77-78), AstraZeneca/Pfizer (86%; CI95%: 80-90) or Moderna [Spikevax] (89%; CI95%: 88-90). VE against hospitalization was ranged 86% for Janssen to 97%-98% for other vaccines.S

Improvement for detection of microcalcifications through clustering algorithms and artificial neural networks

A new method for detecting microcalcifications in regions of interest (ROIs) extracted from digitized mammograms is proposed. The top-hat transform is a technique based on mathematical morphology operations and, in this paper, is used to perform contrast enhancement of the mi-crocalcifications. To improve microcalcification detection, a novel image sub-segmentation approach based on the possibilistic fuzzy c-means algorithm is used. From the original ROIs, window-based features, such as the mean and standard deviation, were extracted; these features were used as an input vector in a classifier. The classifier is based on an artificial neural network to identify patterns belonging to microcalcifications and healthy tissue. Our results show that the proposed method is a good alternative for automatically detecting microcalcifications, because this stage is an important part of early breast cancer detectio

Ciencia y Tecnología 1.er grado : cuaderno de autoaprendizaje

Cuaderno de autoaprendizaje del área de Ciencia y tecnología para el ciclo III. Este texto está conformado por ocho unidades, en las cuales los estudiantes encontrarán diversas actividades que los ayudarán a aprender y desarrollar sus conocimientos en el área

Caracterización clínicoepidemiológica de pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas de inicio juvenil en Paraguay (2011 – 2015)

Objective: Describe the frequency of juvenile onset rheumatologic inflammatory diseases (JIR ) in level III and IV complexity level hospitals in a quinquennium. Methods: Multicentric, descriptive and retrospective study, using CI E-10 coding of hospitals’ files in Asunción and Central Department. Results: Four hospitalary records were included. 382 patients followed inclusion criteria. Sex ratio (M:F) of the population was 1:1,6, with an average age at captation of 11.6 years (SD±4.5). Kawsaki’s disease group has an average age of 5.4 years (SD±3.7) and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were presented with 13.1 years on average (SD±3.9). The 68,6% of patients were found through follow up specialized consults. Idiopathic juvenile arthritis was the most frequently diagnosed disease (n=167 cases, 43,7% of the total), followed by SLE (n=130, 34,0%). Most of the cases (n=290, 75,9%) were patients from (place of birth) Asuncion or Central Department. Conclusion: The spectrum of JIR diseases is broad with variable distribution in each included hospital. This study orients to know the burden of disease from JIR diseases in Paraguay.Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de las enfermedades reumatológicas inflamatorias de inicio juvenil (RI J) en hospitales de nivel de complejidad III y IV en un quinquenio. Método: Estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo, retrospectivo utilizando códigos CI E-10 de los archivos de hospitales de Asunción y del departamento central. Resultados: Cuatro archivos hospitalarios fueron incluidos. En total 382 pacientes cumplían los criterios de inclusión. El sex ratio (M: F) de la población fue de 1:1.6, edad promedio a la captación de 11.6 años (DE±4.5). El grupo de pacientes con Enfermedad de Kawasaki tenían edad promedio de 5.4 años (± 3.7 DE) y los pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) se presentaron con 13.1 años (± 3.9 DE). El 68,6% de los pacientes fueron captados por consulta especializada de seguimiento. La artritis idiopática juvenil fue la enfermedad RIJ más frecuentemente diagnosticada (n=167 casos, 43,7% del total), seguida por el LES (n=130, 34,0%). La mayoría de los casos (75.9%, n=290) eran pacientes procedentes (al nacimiento) de Asunción o del departamento central. Conclusión: El espectro de las enfermedades RI J es amplio con distribución variable según los hospitales incluidos. Este estudio orienta a conocer la “carga de enfermedad” por enfermedades RI J en Paraguay

Ciencia y Tecnología 2 : cuaderno de autoaprendizaje

Cuaderno de autoaprendizaje del área de Ciencia y tecnología para el ciclo III. Este texto está conformado por ocho unidades, en las cuales los estudiantes encontrarán diversas actividades que los ayudarán a aprender y desarrollar sus conocimientos en el área

Associations between eating speed, diet quality, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Objective: To assess the associations between eating speed, adiposity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and diet quality in a cohort of Spanish preschool-children. Study design: A cross-sectional study in 1371 preschool age children (49% girls; mean age, 4.8 ± 1.0 years) from the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort was conducted. After exclusions, 956 participants were included in the analyses. The eating speed was estimated by summing the total minutes used in each of the 3 main meals and then categorized into slow, moderate, or fast. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the β-coefficient, or OR and 95% CI, between eating speed and body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile. Results: Compared with participants in the slow-eating category, those in the fast-eating category had a higher prevalence risk of overweight/obesity (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8-4.4; P < .01); larger waist circumference (β, 2.6 cm; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8 cm); and greater FMI (β, 0.3 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.5 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (β, 2.8 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.6-4.9 mmHg), and fasting plasma glucose levels (β, 2.7 mg/dL, 95% CI, 1.2-4.2 mg/dL) but lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (β, −0.5 points; 95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1 points). Conclusions: Eating fast is associated with higher adiposity, certain cardiometabolic risk factors, and lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Further long-term and interventional studies are warranted to confirm these associations

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London