«Una perfecta princesa». Casa y vida de la reina Isabel de Valois (1559-1568). Primera Parte

Two facts stand out in the life of Isabel de Valois: her marriage at the age of 13 to Philip II of Spain, and her death, aged 22. Her early death and the survival of some striking portraits have contributed in good measure to the aura of romantic tragedy that still envelops her. But little is known about her character or her role as queen. This study seeks to get closer to her personality and to the life she led primarily through the extant documentation about her household. It traces the personal and political forces that shaped the queen’s franco-spanish household and some of the strong pressures she was under from a young age. It demonstrates that Isabel was incapable of dealing with her vital role as head of the mass of people who made up the royal household, and examines some of the grave consequences both for individuals and for royal authority. The staggering and unsustainable debts she accumulated are also evaluated. This chapter probes deeper into how the Spanish court functioned in the sixteenth-century and explores the relative importance of personality and external limitations in the success and failure of the queen

«Una perfecta princesa» Casa y vida de la reina Isabel de Valois (1559-1568). Segunda parte

Este breve estudio examina el papel que debía desempeñar la reina Isabel de Valois además de ejercer autoridad sobre su casa. Se analiza primero su papel político, enfocando particularmente su deber principal, que era facilitar las relaciones entre Francia y Felipe II, y ofreciendo algunas razones para explicar su escaso éxito. Se propone que su asociación con Francia fue demasiado fuerte como para permitirle desarrollar un papel de mediadora efectivo. El deber fundamental de toda mujer en esta época era el de ser madre y buena esposa, pero por su posición y debido a la situación vigente, las expectativas eran mayores y la presión que sufrió Isabel fue enorme. Se analiza aquí el impacto que tuvo la maternidad en sus relaciones con Felipe II y los intentos de forjar la imagen de un perfecto matrimonio pese a la existencia de inevitables tensiones y problemas entre los cónyuges. Finalmente, se ofrecen algunas conclusiones sobre las fuentes, sobre la proyección de sentimientos privados en el ámbito público, y la transfiguración de un personaje mediocre en una imagen idealizada.This brief study analises the various roles assigned to Isabel de Valois besides controlling her household. It begins with an analysis of her political role and in particular of her primary political duty, which was to improve relations between France and Philip II. It examines how she carried out these tasks and offers some explanations for her lack of success. It is argued here that her association with France was always too strong for her to mediate successfully between them. Her fundamental role, as that of all women, was to be a mother and good wife, but by virtue of her position and circumstances she was burdened with additional expectations and endured enormous pressures. The impact of maternity on her relations with Philip II is examined here, as is the process of creating the image of a perfect marriage, despite the inevitable tensions and problems that existed between them. It offers some conclusions on the sources, on the proyection of private feelings in a public sphere, and on the transfiguration of a mediocre personality into an idealised imag

Evaluation of primary care responsiveness by people with mental illness in Spain

Background The health system responsiveness is a concept developed by the World Health Organization that measures patients'' expectations for the non-medical care they receive. The aim of this study is to assess primary care responsiveness as seen by people with mental illness and to analyse the factors associated with poor responsiveness. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study on 426 people with mental illness who had attended primary care consultations at least once in the previous 12 months. The responsiveness of the health system was determined through the short questionnaire "Multi-country Survey Study on Health and Health Systems Responsiveness". Differences in responsiveness by sociodemographic characteristics were compared through the Chi-squared test. Logistic regression identified the factors associated with poor responsiveness. Results Overall responsiveness was measured as good by 77.4% of patients, being this probability higher in the domains: dignity, confidentiality, and communication. The most valued domains by people with mental illness were prompt attention (42.4%), dignity (30.1%), and communication (17%). Only prompt attention scored high importance and poor responsiveness. In patients with an income lower than 900 euros per month and low level of studies, the probability of poor confidentiality responsiveness was multiplied by 3 and 2.7 respectively. Conclusions People with mental illness perceive good responsiveness from primary care in terms of dignity, confidentiality, and communication. Prompt attention, as the domain of greatest importance and worst valuation, should be prioritised through the implementation of organisational measures in health centres to reduce waiting times, especially in urban areas

A rare variant of the superficial ulnar artery, and its clinical implications: a case report

The superficial ulnar artery is a rare variation of the upper limb arterial system that arises from the brachial or axillary artery and runs superficial to the muscles arising from the medial epicondyle [1-3]. The incidence is about 0.7 to 7% [1,4,5]. In our routine dissections we found a superficial ulnar artery, which crossed the cubital fossa superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis making it highly vulnerable to intra-arterial injection. This is a rare variation that every medical and nursing staff member should know about

Optimization of phenol degradation and its derivatives using photo-Fenton and application industrial

In industrial effluent are common persistent organic pollutants found that even low concentrations have a high potential carcinogenic and/or mutagenic, such as phenol and derivatives thereof, which poses risks to the environment. This work has identified and measured through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its phenol formed as intermediate and also the amount of total organic carbon (TOC). Degradation was evaluated using the same process of photo-Fenton treatment (Fe2+/H2O2/UV) applying annular reactor and a kinetic study was carried out in terms of TOC. The experimental design was the type central composite. In the process used a photochemical reactor annular counter optimized in the following conditions: [Fe2+]=14.15 mg L-1, [H2O2]=1663.40 mgL-1 at pH 3 for 126.18 minutes, obtaining a mineralization 99.89% TOC and [Fe2+]=15 mgL-1 [H2O2]=1800 mgL-1 in 120 minutes a percentage of 100% phenol degradation, respectively. The kinetic model adopted (Lumped Kinetic Model) allowed satisfactory way of representing (R2=0.9892). The photo-Fenton process proved to be efficient for degradation of phenol and intermediates can be incorporated as part of the effluent treatment systems, making it an effective alternative to the complete degradation of the pollutants thereby relieving the impact on water resources and reducing contamination by-products end of the process. Keywords: Advanced oxidation processes;  Phenol, Homogeneous processes; Photo-Fenton

Automatic reconstruction of a bacterial regulatory network using Natural Language Processing

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Manual curation of biological databases, an expensive and labor-intensive process, is essential for high quality integrated data. In this paper we report the implementation of a state-of-the-art Natural Language Processing system that creates computer-readable networks of regulatory interactions directly from different collections of abstracts and full-text papers. Our major aim is to understand how automatic annotation using Text-Mining techniques can complement manual curation of biological databases. We implemented a rule-based system to generate networks from different sets of documents dealing with regulation in <it>Escherichia coli </it>K-12.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Performance evaluation is based on the most comprehensive transcriptional regulation database for any organism, the manually-curated RegulonDB, 45% of which we were able to recreate automatically. From our automated analysis we were also able to find some new interactions from papers not already curated, or that were missed in the manual filtering and review of the literature. We also put forward a novel Regulatory Interaction Markup Language better suited than SBML for simultaneously representing data of interest for biologists and text miners.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Manual curation of the output of automatic processing of text is a good way to complement a more detailed review of the literature, either for validating the results of what has been already annotated, or for discovering facts and information that might have been overlooked at the triage or curation stages.</p

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Hunt for new phenomena using large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum with ATLAS in 4.7 fb−1 of s√=7TeV proton-proton collisions

Results are presented of a search for new particles decaying to large numbers of jets in association with missing transverse momentum, using 4.7 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√=7TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. The event selection requires missing transverse momentum, no isolated electrons or muons, and from ≥6 to ≥9 jets. No evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of a MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetric model, where, for large universal scalar mass m 0, gluino masses smaller than 840 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, extending previously published limits. Within a simplified model containing only a gluino octet and a neutralino, gluino masses smaller than 870 GeV are similarly excluded for neutralino masses below 100 GeV

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011