Formación en comunicación, convivencia y pensamiento crítico como acción transformadora en la comunidad de Tocaimita, Localidad Usme

Servicio Social ComunitarioEn esta investigación se abordan problemáticas sociales inmersas en un contexto de población vulnerable que habita en un asentamiento ilegal de la localidad de Usme. Población que vive en condiciones de pobreza extrema. Específicamente se hace énfasis en temas como el asistencialismo por parte de entidades o agentes externos a la comunidad, también se abordan problemáticas de comunicación y convivencia entre los diferentes grupos poblacionales y el desconocimiento jurídico que tiene la comunidad en cuanto a su situación de habitabilidad informal y las normas constitucionales que garantizan sus derechos. Los habitantes de estos barrios se ven sometidos socialmente a prácticas gubernamentales de inclusión encontrando ciertas contradicciones legales que generan incertidumbre en las expectativas de la comunidad tradicionalmente marginalizada. Se percibe tensión a lo largo de la investigación debido a la desesperanza aprendida de personas que viven en estas condiciones pero se rescata el valor humano de las fuertes relaciones sociales construidas en este asentamiento. Se evidencia fortalecimiento de redes que pueden generar armonía y participación orientadas al bien común de los diferentes grupos poblacionales.PregradoPsicólog

The Liver Plays a Major Role in Clearance and Destruction of Blood Trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma cruzi Chronically Infected Mice

Intravenous challenge with Trypanosoma cruzi can be used to investigate the process and consequences of blood parasite clearance in experimental Chagas disease. One hour after intravenous challenge of chronically infected mice with 5×106 trypomastigotes, the liver constituted a major site of parasite accumulation, as revealed by PCR. Intact parasites and/or parasite remnants were visualized at this time point scattered in the liver parenchyma. Moreover, at this time, many of liver-cleared parasites were viable, as estimated by the frequency of positive cultures, which considerably diminished after 48 h. Following clearance, the number of infiltrating cells in the hepatic tissue notably increased: initially (at 24 h) as diffuse infiltrates affecting the whole parenchyma, and at 48 h, in the form of large focal infiltrates in both the parenchyma and perivascular spaces. Phenotypic characterization of liver-infiltrating cells 24 h after challenge revealed an increase in Mac1+, CD8+ and CD4+ cells, followed by natural killer (NK) cells. As evidence that liver-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ cells were activated, increased frequencies of CD69+CD8+, CD69+CD4+ and CD25+CD122+CD4+ cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after challenge, and of CD25−CD122+CD4+ cells at 48 h. The major role of CD4+ cells in liver protection was suggested by data showing a very high frequency of interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ cells 24 h after challenge. In contrast, liver CD8+ cells produced little IFN-γ, even though they showed an enhanced potential for secreting this cytokine, as revealed by in vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Confirming the effectiveness of the liver immune response in blood parasite control during the chronic phase of infection, no live parasites were detected in this organ 7 days after challenge

Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p <0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.Peer reviewe

Honores y renuncias: la escultora argentina Lola Mora y la fuente de los debates

Lola Mora (1867-1936) fue la más halagada y discutida escultora argentina de\ud los últimos años del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX. La prensa escrita de Buenos Aires\ud sigue el desarrollo de su carrera artística desde la llegada del viaje de estudios en 1900 y\ud la convierte en protagonista principal monopolizando así la atención de los cronistas. El tema\ud de este trabajo de investigación es una de sus obras más conocidas: la Fuente de las Nereidas\ud o denominada popularmente Fuente de Lola Mora, conjunto escultórico de mármol de Carrara\ud que se inaugura el 21 de mayo de 1903 en el Paseo de Julio. Esta investigación abordará\ud las cuestiones que se debatieron en torno a este conjunto escultórico en relación al\ud emplazamiento original en 1903, que lo transforma en un proceso particular ya que hasta\ud ese momento nunca se habían producido discusiones de tales características en torno a una\ud obra decorativa para la ciudad

Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p &lt; 0.01. Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and maximum monthly values, may increase the risk of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder. With frequent circadian rhythm dysfunction and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder, greater understanding of the optimal roles of daylight and electric lighting in circadian entrainment is needed

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity &gt; 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Pediatric Hospitalizations Associated with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina

Fil: Libster, Romina. Fundación Infant, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Bugna, Jimena. Fundación Infant, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Coviello, Silvina. Fundación Infant, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Hijano, Diego R. Hospital De Niños Sor María Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Dunaiewsky, Mariana. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Reynoso, Natalia. Hospital Municipal Materno Infantil de San Isidro; Argentina.Fil: Cavalieri, Maria L. Hospital Eva Perón, Benito Juárez, Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Guglielmo, Maria C. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Areso, M. Soledad. Hospital Eva Perón, Benito Juárez, Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Gilligan, Tomas. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Santucho, Fernanda. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Cabral, Graciela. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Gregorio, Gabriela L. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Moreno, Rina. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Lutz, Maria I. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Panigasi, Alicia L. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Saligari, Liliana. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Caballero, Mauricio T. Hospital De Niños Sor María Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Egües Almeida, Rodrigo M. Hospital De Niños Sor María Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Gutierrez Meyer, Maria E. Hospital De Niños Sor María Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Neder, Maria D. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Davenport, Maria C. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Del Valle, Maria P. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Santidrian, Valeria S. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Mosca, Guillermina. Ministerio de Ciencia, Técnica e Innovación. Fundación Infant, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Alvarez, Liliana. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Landa, Patricia. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Pota, Ana. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Boloñati, Norma. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Dalamon, Ricardo. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Sanchez Mercol, Victoria I. Hospital Eva Perón, Benito Juárez, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Espinoza, Marco. Fundación Infant, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Peuchot, Juan Carlos. Hospital Eva Perón, Benito Juárez, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Karolinski, Ariel. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Bruno, Miriam. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Borsa, Ana. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Ferrero, Fernando. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Bonina, Angel. Hospital De Niños Sor María Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Ramonet, Margarita. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Albano, Lidia C. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Luedicke, Nora. Ministerio de Ciencia, Técnica e Innovación. Fundación Infant, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Alterman, Elias. Fundación Infant, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Savy, Vilma L. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Baumeister, Elsa. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Virología. Servicio de Virosis Respiratoria; Argentina.Fil: Chappell, James D. Vanderbilt University. Pathology, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Fil: Edwards, Kathryn M. Vanderbilt University. Departments of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Fil: Melendi, Guillermina A. Vanderbilt University. Departments of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Fil: Polack, Fernando P. Vanderbilt University. Departments of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Background: While the Northern Hemisphere experiences the effects of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, data from the recent influenza season in the Southern Hemisphere can provide important information on the burden of disease in children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series involving children with acute infection of the lower respiratory tract or fever in whom 2009 H1N1 influenza was diagnosed on reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assay and who were admitted to one of six pediatric hospitals serving a catchment area of 1.2 million children. We compared rates of admission and death with those among age-matched children who had been infected with seasonal influenza strains in previous years. Results: Between May and July 2009, a total of 251 children were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza. Rates of hospitalization were double those for seasonal influenza in 2008. Of the children who were hospitalized, 47 (19%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, 42 (17%) required mechanical ventilation, and 13 (5%) died. The overall rate of death was 1.1 per 100,000 children, as compared with 0.1 per 100,000 children for seasonal influenza in 2007. (No pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza were reported in 2008.) Most deaths were caused by refractory hypoxemia in infants under 1 year of age (death rate, 7.6 per 100,000). Conclusions: Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza was associated with pediatric death rates that were 10 times the rates for seasonal influenza in previous years

GROWTH INHIBITION OF ORAL MICROFLORA BY SNAKE VENOMS

A saúde bucal, na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, constitui ainda um grande desafio aos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, principalmente no que se refere à universalização, à eqüidade do atendimento e alto custo envolvido na terapia restauradora. A procura pela descoberta de novos compostos metabólicos com atividade antibacteriana para a prevenção de doenças bucais e talvez com menores impactos a saúde e financeiros, seria muito importante para obtenção de um meio efetivo de controle da formação de um biofilme patogênico e da cárie dental. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a viabilidade biotecnológica do uso de venenos nativos de diferentes serpentes quanto à capacidade de inibir o crescimento de Streptococcus mutans, principal agente envolvido na cárie dental. Nossos resultados mostraram que os venenos das serpentes Bothrops moojeni e Bothrops jararacussu inibiram o crescimento de Streptococcus mutans e o componente responsável pela inibição parece ser a peróxido de hidrogênio. Apesar de ainda não totalmente conclusivos, os ensaios já realizados, permitem afirmar que venenos de serpentes são ferramentas importantes na inibição do crescimento de patógenos, especificamente daqueles envolvidos nas doenças cariogênicas.The oral health at the most of Brazilian municipalities is still a big challenge to the principles of the Brazilian Health Unique System (SUS), particularly with regard to the globalization, the equity of care and high cost involved in restorative therapy. The demand for discovery of new natural products with antibacterial activity in order to prevent dental diseases and perhaps with fewer health and financial impacts, would be very important to achieve an effective means to control the formation of a pathogenic biofilm and dental caries. The objective of this work is to study the feasibility of the use of different snakes crude venom in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the principal agent involved in dental caries. Our results showed that Bothrops moojeni and Bothrops jararacussu venoms were able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and the component responsible for that inhibition appears to be the hydrogen peroxide. Though still not fully conclusive, the tests already carried out, show that snake venoms are important tools to inhibit the growth of pathogens, specifically those involved in caries diseases. MOSCA, R.C., 2008 7 SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO...............................................................................................